feat(scope): Scoped logs and metrics capture

[limbonaut]

This PR makes scope attributes a public, working part of the API. It promotes the previously-internal sentry_scope_set_attribute/_n and sentry_scope_remove_attribute/_n to public, and adds sentry_scope_capture_log and sentry_scope_capture_metric so a log or metric can be captured against a specific scope and pick up that scope's attributes and trace. Both trace and attributes now flow onto logs and metrics with spec-correct precedence, resolving most-specific-first: per-call attributes, then the passed scope, then the global scope.

• Refs Make scopes more aligned to Sentry specs to ease support in the downstream SDKs #1838
• Needed for WIP: Add support for current scopes in GDScript (take two) sentry-godot#807

Needed for current scopes and performance API in the Godot SDK. See rationale in #1838.

I plan to add sentry_scope_set_span/transaction and also sentry_scope_clear as follow-ups.

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📖	Do not forget to update Sentry-docs with your feature once the pull request gets approved.

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[limbonaut]

To check how it would be used, you can see my WIP implementation over here (see NativeSDK::metrics_add_X and project/test/isolated/ tests):

• WIP: Add support for current scopes in GDScript (take two) sentry-godot#807

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 96.29630% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 75.53%. Comparing base (88e7bae) to head (f4947b8).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1861      +/-   ##
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- Coverage   75.56%   75.53%   -0.03%     
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  Files          90       90              
  Lines       21154    21169      +15     
  Branches     3759     3763       +4     
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+ Hits        15986    15991       +5     
- Misses       4334     4350      +16     
+ Partials      834      828       -6     

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