chore(common): remove deprecated DFSchema type-check method (Closes #23080 - partial)

[Dodothereal]

Fixes #23080

Summary

Removes DFSchema::check_arrow_schema_type_compatible, deprecated since 47.0.0 ("This method is no longer used"). A grep across the workspace confirms zero remaining callers and zero public re-exports — the method is definition-only. The 6-major-version grace period cited by the API-health policy is past due (we are now on 55.x).

Test plan

• git grep -nE 'check_arrow_schema_type_compatible' returns no matches in source or docs (only the removed definition site).
• Schema is still imported at the top of dfschema.rs because it remains in use elsewhere in the file (e.g., qualified_schema_from_field_names, etc.).

AI assistance: drafted with the help of an Anthropic coding assistant. Diff was reviewed line by line before submission, and the change was verified independently.

Signed-off-by: Dodothereal 129273127+Dodothereal@users.noreply.github.com

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Reviewer note: cargo-semver-checks reported the current version number is not SemVer-compatible with the changes in this pull request (compared against the base branch).

Details

     Cloning apache/main
    Building datafusion-common v54.0.0 (current)
       Built [  32.741s] (current)
     Parsing datafusion-common v54.0.0 (current)
      Parsed [   0.058s] (current)
    Building datafusion-common v54.0.0 (baseline)
       Built [  32.672s] (baseline)
     Parsing datafusion-common v54.0.0 (baseline)
      Parsed [   0.060s] (baseline)
    Checking datafusion-common v54.0.0 -> v54.0.0 (no change; assume patch)
     Checked [   0.675s] 223 checks: 222 pass, 1 fail, 0 warn, 30 skip

--- failure inherent_method_missing: pub method removed or renamed ---

Description:
A publicly-visible method or associated fn is no longer available under its prior name. It may have been renamed or removed entirely.
        ref: https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/semver.html#item-remove
       impl: https://github.com/obi1kenobi/cargo-semver-checks/tree/v0.48.0/src/lints/inherent_method_missing.ron

Failed in:
  DFSchema::check_arrow_schema_type_compatible, previously in file /home/runner/work/datafusion/datafusion/target/semver-checks/git-apache_main/33701b08b2061173c09dbab5ccffd3052a7d815f/datafusion/common/src/dfschema.rs:604

     Summary semver requires new major version: 1 major and 0 minor checks failed
    Finished [  68.096s] datafusion-common