Update Stack CLI to 0.5.0

[konojunya]

Summary

• Update the formula and release metadata to the immutable Stack CLI 0.5.0 archives.
• Verify every target digest, provenance, and SPDX attestation against the release workflow and tag.
• Keep shell integration and package-manager-owned upgrades aligned with 0.5.0.

Verification

• The release verification generator and formula source checks pass.
• CI exercises install, upgrade, uninstall, and user-data preservation on three supported Homebrew hosts.