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                                                     💤 💤 💤 💤 💤 💤
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                          Systems Engineering ▪ Cybersecurity Researcher ▪ Cryptographer  ▪ R&D


                                           PUBLISHED RESEARCH
              ▪               ┌─ Phrack Magazine – Issue 72 draft                                      .-""""-
             ▪▪▪              └─> Resource‑constrained C payloads                             F    .-'  
              ▪                                                                                    F    J  
                              ┌─ Paged Out! Institute – Vol. 7                                    F    J      
                              └─> Pre-main code execution via GCC constructors                   I    I
                              └─> iOS System Anti-Tampering: Signed System Volume               I     I  
                                                                                                 L    `. 
                              ┌─ Futuristic Gadgets Laboratory                                    L     `-._, 
                              └─> Pandragon: A research-grade C2 for Windows.                      `-.__.-'

                                             ___________________
                                            / CURRENT RESEARCH /
                                    ______ /==================/ ___________                    _________________________
                                    |     The                             |                    |        LANGUAGES      |
        -^^,--,~                    |        world                        |                    |_______________________|
                                    |              wonders                | ================== | C, Assembly,  Python, |
                                    |      <3                             | <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3  |   Rust, Java          |
                                    |                                     | ================== |_______________________|
                                    ———————————————————————————————————————
                                                                              |\      _,,,---,,_
                                                                        ZZZzz /,`.-'`'    -.  ;-;;,_
                                                                             |,4-  ) )-,_. ,\ (  `'-'
                                                                            '---''(_/--'  `-'\_)



          ╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
          ║                                           SELECTED PROJECTS                                        ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ DylibWalk  │   C    │ iOS anti-static analysis PoC for runtime function retrieval                  ║
          ║            │  ASM   │                                                                              ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ nvwrite    │   C    │ Cross-platform NVRAM variables access library for embedded-like systems      ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ Sevastopol │   C    │ User-mode RISC-V emulator and virtual CPU implementation for Windows & Linux.║
          ║            |        | Named after the Alien: Isolation station.                                    ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ Bastia     │  C++   │ Freestanding crypto. lib. supporting xchacha20-poly1305, AES and string obf  ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ Albedo     │ C++17  │ LLVM 18 obfuscation framework: MBA substitution, Control-Flow Flattening,    ║
          ║            │        │ Bogus CF, Z3 semantic equivalence verification, SASM runtime integrity.      ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ libUtils   │   C    │ OS-agnostic +150 functions utilities library for freestanding software       ║
          ╠════════════╤════════╤══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
          ║ Berlin     │  C++   │ Cross-platform CPU-based virtual machine detection framework                 ║
          ╚════════════╧════════╧══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝

                   ____________________________________________________________________________________   
                   |                                |     DOMAINS     |                               | 
                   ____________________________________________________________________________________
                   |         Cryptanalysis • Reverse Engineering • Exploitation • Vuln research       | 
                   |      Offensive development • Algorithm Design • Graphical Design • Embedded dev  |
                   |==================================================================================|

                                      
                /========================================================================================\
              < |     “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit."      | >
                \========================================================================================/

                twitter: myserialexps            website: serexp.lain.la               email: website's contact page

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⠠⡐⢠⠂⠥⠒⡌⠰⡈⢆⡑⢢⠘⡐⢢⠑⢢⠁⠦⢡⢂⠣⢌⠒⡄⢃⠆⡱⢌⠒⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠠⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠣⢘⡐⢢⢡⠒⡌⠒⠤⢃⠜⡰⢈⠔⢢⠑⢢⠑⡌⠒⡌⠰⢌⠒⡰⢈⠒⢌⠢⡑⢢⠁⠎⠤⡑⢂⠆⡑⠢⢌
⠠⠑⣂⢉⠒⡥⠘⡡⢑⠢⡘⠤⡉⠔⡡⠊⡅⠚⡌⠢⠜⡰⢈⡒⠌⡆⡍⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠄⡐⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠂⠈⠐⠀⠄⠂⠀⠂⠁⢀⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠈⠢⢡⢊⠔⣉⠦⡁⢎⠰⡉⠆⡑⢊⠔⢃⠌⡱⢈⠣⡘⢄⠃⡡⠋⡄⢓⡈⢆⡉⠎⡰⢉⠆⡘⠡⢃⠌
⠠⠓⡄⢊⠔⢢⠑⡐⠣⡑⢌⠢⠱⡘⢄⠓⡌⠱⢠⡉⠆⡅⢣⠘⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠠⠀⠠⠀⠁⠌⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠐⠀⡀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠂⠁⡀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⡄⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡌⠱⡈⠜⡐⣊⠔⡡⢒⠡⢊⠔⡡⠓⡈⠦⠘⠤⡘⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡃⢎⡘
⠐⡅⢊⠤⡉⢆⠱⣈⠱⡈⢆⠡⡃⠜⡠⢃⠌⣑⠢⢌⡱⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠀⠀⡐⠈⢀⠠⠀⢀⠐⠀⠈⠀⠐⠀⢁⠀⠂⡀⠀⢀⠐⠠⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠊⠴⡁⢎⠰⢡⠘⢢⠑⡄⢊⠔⡡⢊⠔⡨⢐⠡⠜⡰⠉⢆⡑⠢⡑⣈⠆⡱⢈⠆⡘
⠐⡌⢂⠒⣡⠊⡔⢠⠃⡜⢠⠃⡜⢠⠱⣈⠒⡌⢒⠢⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠡⢀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠄⠀⠄⠀⢀⠀⠂⠈⠀⠡⠀⠐⠠⠀⠈⠀⠄⠀⠂⠀⠠⠀⠀⠐⠈⠐⠀⠡⢀⠈⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡁⢎⡘⠤⡉⢆⠡⡘⠤⢃⠔⡡⢎⠰⢉⠢⠱⣀⠋⠤⢌⠱⡐⠄⢎⠰⡁⢎⠰
⠐⢌⠢⡑⢄⠣⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢⡑⢄⠣⡘⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⡈⠄⠐⠠⠀⢀⠀⠄⠂⡀⠀⠄⠈⡀⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⢁⠀⠁⠠⠈⠀⠀⡁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠂⡀⠂⠌⡀⠁⠀⠈⠢⡘⠤⡑⢌⠢⠑⡌⢢⠘⡐⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⠤⣉⠒⡌⢢⠡⡉⢆⠱⡐⢌⠱
⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢔⡈⢆⠱⣈⢂⠆⡱⢈⢆⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⠈⠀⠌⠐⡀⠀⠐⢀⠀⠂⠁⠄⠈⠀⡐⠀⠂⠈⠄⠐⠠⠀⠁⠄⡈⠠⠀⠂⢀⠠⠁⠄⠀⢈⠀⠀⡀⠠⢀⠀⠄⢀⠈⠄⠀⡀⠂⠀⠀⠁⠆⢍⠢⣉⠒⡌⢄⠣⡘⢄⠣⡐⢡⠊⡔⢠⠃⠜⣀⠣⡘⢄⠣⡘⢠⢃
⠐⡌⠰⡁⢎⠰⡁⢆⡘⢄⠣⡐⢌⠢⡑⢌⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⠈⠀⢀⠀⠌⠐⠀⠈⠐⠀⠂⠌⠀⡀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠀⠄⠈⠀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠈⡀⠠⠀⠈⢀⠀⠂⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡀⠀⠄⠀⡁⠂⠀⠘⡄⠣⢄⠣⡘⢄⠊⡔⠌⢢⠉⢆⠱⣈⠤⣉⠒⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⣊
⠂⡌⠱⡈⠆⠥⡘⠤⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠄⠀⠀⠂⡀⠀⠠⠀⠂⠐⠈⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⡀⠠⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠄⠀⠄⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠄⡁⠠⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⠨⡑⢌⢂⠱⣈⠒⡌⡘⠤⣉⢂⠒⡄⡒⢄⠣⡘⠄⢣⠘⡄⠣⠔⢢
⠐⡨⠑⡌⣘⠢⡑⢢⠑⣈⠆⡱⢈⠦⡁⠀⠀⠄⠠⠐⠀⠀⠂⠀⡐⠀⠈⠀⠀⡁⠂⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠀⠌⠠⠀⠄⠀⡀⠀⠂⠐⡀⠁⠀⠀⠑⡌⢢⠑⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠐⡌⢒⡰⢁⠎⣐⠡⢊⠅⡒⢌⠱⡈⢆
⠁⢆⠱⡐⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡂⠜⣀⠣⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠂⠁⠀⠄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠠⠀⠂⡀⠄⠀⠀⠄⠈⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠂⠠⠀⠀⡐⠠⠀⠁⠐⠀⠀⠐⠀⡀⠀⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠐⡡⢂⠥⢊⢄⠣⢌⢂⠱⡈⢆⠱⣈
⢉⠢⢡⠘⣄⠊⡔⢡⠊⡜⢠⣁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⡀⠀⠐⠀⡀⠠⠀⠂⠐⠠⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢰⣧⡟⠀⠀⢀⠀⠠⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠈⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⠁⠀⠀⠂⠈⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢃⠆⡡⠘⣄⠊⡔⡈⢆⠡⢒⡈⢒⠤
⢂⡑⢢⠑⡄⡊⠔⡡⢊⠔⡡⢂⠄⠀⠀⠡⠀⠐⠀⠀⠁⠐⢀⠁⠄⠀⢂⠀⠄⡀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡄⠈⠀⢈⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠐⡀⠈⠀⠄⠁⡐⠈⠀⠄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⢠⢃⠜⡠⠑⡌⢢⠘⡄⠣⢄⠣⡐⢡⠊⡔⢡⠘⡌⠒
⠂⡌⢢⠉⡔⢡⠊⡔⢡⠊⡔⡁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠂⠀⢀⠂⠌⠀⠀⡀⠈⠐⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠐⠀⢠⠀⠂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠀⡁⢀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠂⢀⠐⠈⡀⠐⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⡜⢠⠊⡔⢡⠃⡜⠠⢃⠌⡑⢢⠡⡘⢄⠣⠌⢢⠡⠌⢣
⠐⡌⢆⠱⣈⠢⡑⢌⠢⡑⡰⠁⠀⠁⠀⠐⢀⠀⠂⠀⠄⠐⠀⠀⠀⠂⢀⠀⠀⠁⡀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠠⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⠀⢀⠂⠀⠐⠀⠠⠀⡀⠀⠌⠀⠄⠀⠀⢈⠆⡱⢈⠆⡱⢈⠱⡈⠜⡠⠃⢆⠱⡈⢆⡉⢆⠱⡘⠤
⠒⡨⢐⠢⡄⠣⢌⠢⡑⢢⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⢈⠀⡀⠀⠁⠈⠠⢈⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠠⠀⠀⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠄⠈⢀⠐⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡎⠰⡁⢎⠰⣁⠲⡁⢎⠰⡁⢎⠰⣁⠢⡘⢄⠣⡘⡰
⢂⠱⣈⠒⡌⠱⡈⢆⡑⠢⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠂⠠⠀⠠⠐⠀⠀⠈⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⡀⠀⠀⣿⣆⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢟⡀⠀⠠⠀⠀⡀⠀⠂⠀⠂⠀⠀⢂⠀⠀⠀⡜⢡⠘⠤⡁⢆⠡⡘⢄⠣⡘⢄⠣⢄⠱⡈⢆⠱⢠⠑
⠄⡃⢄⠣⢌⠱⡈⠆⡌⢡⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠌⠀⠈⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠄⢸⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢂⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣜⡄⠀⣿⣯⡄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠅⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠠⠀⠁⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⢠⠋⡔⢡⠊⡔⢡⠊⡔⠡⢊⠔⢊⠰⡁⢎⠰⠁⢎
⢄⠱⣈⠒⡌⢢⠑⡘⡄⣃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⡁⠀⢀⠀⣤⠀⠘⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣸⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣻⣿⣬⣂⡋⢁⣤⢤⢶⣶⣤⣰⣶⠀⠀⠄⢀⠐⠀⠄⠁⡀⠠⠀⠀⠌⠀⠐⡘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢣⠘⡄⢃⠌⡱⢈⠜⡠⢃⠜⡠⢃⠍⢢
⣀⠒⡄⢣⠘⣄⢃⡒⡌⣐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠈⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡆⠁⠀⠘⠒⠁⣀⣉⠀⢀⣀⣉⣩⣿⡟⢿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⠿⢀⡿⡹⠊⠋⠉⠁⠀⠈⠛⠄⢀⠀⠂⢀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⡀⠂⠠⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢⡘⢄⠃⣆⠱⡈⠆⡱⢈⡌⡡
⢀⠣⠌⡄⠓⡄⣂⠒⡰⢈⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢨⠄⠀⣔⣾⣿⡿⠿⠼⠆⠸⠿⣞⣱⡞⣿⣠⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠰⢫⠗⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡱⢈⡔⠡⢊⠤⡑⢌⠢⡑⠌⡒⢠⢃⡘⠤⡑⢌⠰⢡
⢀⠣⡘⠠⢍⠰⣀⢃⠒⡩⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⢸⠀⠀⢸⡃⠘⢊⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢉⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣷⣏⡌⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⣸⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣑⠢⣐⠡⢊⠔⢌⠢⡑⢄⠣⡘⢄⠢⡘⠤⡑⢌⡑⢢
⠠⡑⢌⠱⣈⠒⡄⢣⠘⡔⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠸⠆⠀⢸⠷⠊⢁⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠉⡀⢹⣷⡄⠻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⡀⠁⠀⠄⢁⣴⣿⡿⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⠑⡄⠣⢌⡘⢄⠣⡘⢄⠃⡜⠠⢃⠜⡠⢑⠢⡘⠤
⢄⠱⡈⢆⢡⠊⡔⠡⢃⠜⠤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣇⠀⢸⠀⠘⣿⣇⠈⠆⠀⠀⢐⠀⣼⣿⣷⣄⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠶⣾⡿⠿⠟⣡⣾⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⢅⠪⡐⢅⠢⡘⢄⠣⡘⢄⠣⢌⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⢌
⠄⡃⠜⡠⢂⠣⢌⠱⡈⠜⡰⢁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⢳⡄⠀⠀⠀⠿⡄⢾⣿⣦⣘⠿⣷⣤⣁⣈⣴⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢃⡌⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⡌⠒⡌⢢⠑⡌⢂⠅⡊⢔⠨
⠤⠑⢌⡐⠣⡘⠄⢣⠘⡌⠔⡩⠘⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⢻⣆⠈⠀⠀⣹⣡⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣉⣙⣋⣩⣥⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⡘⢢⢡⠘⡄⢣⠐⢢⠑⡈⢆⠒⢌⡑⢌⠢⡑⡈⠆⡌⠱⣈⠒
⠠⢉⠆⡌⠱⡠⢉⠆⡱⢈⠆⡱⢉⠔⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢆⣻⡇⣆⠈⠷⣜⣆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡄⣊⠔⣂⠣⠘⠤⡉⢆⢡⠱⡈⠜⡠⠒⡌⠒⠤⡑⢌⡐⠣⢄⠩
⣀⠣⡘⢠⠃⡔⣉⠢⡑⢌⡘⢄⠣⡘⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣷⡘⠆⠈⢳⠺⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⢗⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢐⠡⢊⢄⠣⡉⢆⠱⡈⢆⠢⡑⠬⡐⡡⠌⡑⢢⠁⠆⡌⠱⣈⠱
⡀⢆⡑⢢⠑⡰⢄⠱⡈⢆⡘⢄⠣⢔⡁⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣷⣄⠈⢫⡽⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡱⢈⡒⠩⢄⠱⡈⢆⠡⡘⠤⡑⠌⢢⠑⡰⢡⠑⢢⠉⡜⢠⠃⡄⢣
⠐⡂⠜⡠⢃⠒⡌⡰⢁⠆⡸⢀⠇⢢⠄⠀⠰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠳⣄⠹⣹⢆⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⡔⠡⢌⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠑⡢⢡⢉⠆⡱⢀⠣⡘⢄⠣⢌⠢⡑⢌⠢
⠡⡘⠤⠑⡌⠒⠤⡑⠌⣂⠱⡈⢎⢢⠁⢀⡱⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠑⢯⠶⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣡⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⢉⠆⡱⢈⠆⠱⡐⢌⠢⡑⠢⠌⡆⠱⡈⢆⠱⣈⠒⡄⢣⠘⡠⢃
⠐⡌⢢⢉⡔⡉⢆⠱⡈⢄⢃⠜⡠⢆⠁⢠⢂⡱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣵⣈⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡑⢢⠘⡄⢣⢈⠱⡈⢆⠱⣈⠱⡘⢄⠣⡑⢌⠒⡠⠑⡌⢢⠑⡄⢣
⠐⡌⢂⠦⡐⢡⠊⡔⢡⠊⡔⢨⡐⢌⠒⠤⢒⡰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢼⣢⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⡀⢄⠀⢑⡂⢣⠘⠤⡈⢆⠱⡈⠔⡠⢃⠜⡠⢃⠜⡠⢊⠅⠣⢌⠡⢊⠔⡡
⠈⡔⢡⢂⡑⠆⡱⢈⠆⡱⢈⠆⡘⡠⢉⠜⡐⢢⠁⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠧⢌⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠤⡑⢊⠔⢢⡘⢄⠣⢌⠱⣀⠣⡘⠰⣁⠣⣈⠱⠈⢆⠱⡈⢌⠱⡈⢆⠣⡘⠔
⠐⡌⢂⠆⡱⢈⠔⡡⢊⠔⡡⢊⠔⡑⢌⠢⠱⣈⠒⡰⣀⠒⠤⣀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡈⠐⠪⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⣠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢆⡱⢨⠘⡄⠲⣈⠒⡌⠒⡄⠣⢌⠱⠠⡑⡄⢣⠉⢆⠢⡑⢌⢂⠱⡈⢆⠱⣈
⠐⡌⢢⠘⡄⢣⢘⠰⡈⢆⠑⠢⢌⡑⢌⠒⡡⢂⡱⠐⢤⢉⠒⡌⢢⢡⠩⢌⠓⡌⢄⠣⢢⡐⠤⠠⠀⠀⢸⣚⡳⢧⡤⣌⡈⠛⠛⠿⢻⢟⠿⠿⠟⢋⣡⢴⡛⢶⠀⠀⠐⠂⠥⡉⠄⠀⠀⠀⠘⢠⠢⡑⡌⠰⢃⠄⠣⢌⠱⣈⠒⡌⢒⡡⡘⠤⡁⠎⡄⢃⠜⡠⢊⠔⡡⢊⠔⢢
⢂⠌⡄⢣⠘⡄⢎⠰⡁⠎⡌⡑⠢⠌⡄⠣⠔⡃⢔⠩⡐⢊⠔⡌⣡⠢⡑⢌⠒⡌⢌⡒⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣴⢫⡗⡾⣡⢏⡷⢲⠖⡦⣴⠲⣖⣺⠹⣖⡣⣟⠾⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠵⡁⠀⠀⠀⡘⢄⠣⡐⢌⠱⡈⢌⠣⢌⠒⡄⢣⠘⡄⢢⠑⠤⡑⢌⠰⡁⢆⠱⣈⠢⡑⢌⠚⠤
⠂⡜⢠⠃⡜⠰⢈⠆⡱⢈⠔⡨⠑⠬⡐⠱⡈⡔⣈⠒⡡⢊⠔⡨⢐⠢⡑⢌⠒⡌⠢⠜⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⣧⢻⠵⣋⢾⡱⣏⢿⡱⣎⡳⣝⢮⡻⠵⠋⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡒⡀⠀⠀⠀⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⡑⠢⡑⠢⡑⠌⢢⠑⡌⢢⠑⢢⠑⡌⡑⢌⢂⠒⡄⢃⠜⡠⣉⠒
⠐⡄⢣⠘⡄⠓⡌⢢⠑⡌⢢⠡⡉⢆⠡⢃⠴⠐⡄⢣⠐⢣⠘⡄⢃⠆⡱⢈⡒⠌⣅⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠿⣱⢧⡝⣮⢧⡻⠜⠓⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⡄⠀⠀⢠⠓⡘⡄⢣⠘⠤⣈⠱⡈⣑⠨⡘⢄⠣⠘⠤⣉⠢⡑⠤⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⡂⢎⡐⠤⣉
⠐⡌⢢⠑⡌⠱⡈⠤⠃⡜⣀⠣⣘⠠⢃⠌⡂⢇⠸⢠⠉⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⣀⠣⡘⠬⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠂⠉⠔⣈⠆⣉⠒⡄⠣⠔⡠⢃⠜⡠⢃⠍⡔⠄⢣⠘⠤⡑⢌⠢⡁⢆⡘⠤⡘⢰⠠
⠐⡌⢂⠱⣈⠱⣈⠒⡡⢒⠠⢃⠄⠣⢌⠢⣉⠢⣁⠣⡘⢄⠣⡘⢄⠣⡄⠓⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠔⠣⢌⡑⡊⠔⣡⠊⡔⢡⠊⠤⡙⠠⢍⠒⢌⠢⠑⡌⢢⠘⠤⡑⢢⠑
⠐⢌⠡⠒⡄⠣⢄⠣⡐⢡⠊⡔⢊⠱⣈⠒⣄⠃⢆⠱⣈⠦⠱⠘⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠘⠸⢠⠑⡌⢢⠉⣆⠩⡑⠬⡘⢄⠣⡑⢄⠣⡘⠤⡑⢢⢉
⠈⢆⠡⢃⠌⡑⢢⠑⡌⠡⢎⠰⡁⠎⡄⡓⠤⠙⠈⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⠁⠚⠤⡑⡌⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆⠱⡈⢆
⢁⠊⡔⡁⢎⠰⡁⢎⠰⡉⢆⠣⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⢌⢢⡁⠇⣌⠂⡅⢊⠤⡑⢌
⠌⡒⠤⡑⢌⠢⡑⢌⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡌⢄⠣⠜⡠⢆⠱⣈
⠒⢌⠰⢡⠊⡔⠡⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢆⡑⢊⠔⢢⠑⠤
⡈⢆⡘⢂⠱⠨⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢌⡡⢊⠆⣉⠒
⠐⢢⠘⠤⡉⡕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⢅⡊⠤⣉
⢈⠢⢉⠆⡱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⡌⠱⡠