feat(storage): implement replay buffer for appendable upload

[vsharonlynn]

Issue #5716 .

[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request introduces a new ReplayBuffer module to manage unacknowledged data chunks, trim acknowledged data, and support resending chunks upon stream reconnection. The reviewer suggested refactoring the acknowledge method to separate the loop logic and adding a safety comment explaining the invariants when slicing the chunk data.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 97.67442% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 96.72%. Comparing base (f02b42c) to head (cdefb94).
⚠️ Report is 5 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...rc/storage/src/storage/bidi_write/replay_buffer.rs	97.67%	4 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6605      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   96.72%   96.72%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         313      314       +1     
  Lines      101266   101438     +172     
==========================================
+ Hits        97948    98112     +164     
- Misses       3318     3326       +8     

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