fix(core): Apply byte category rate limits

[adinauer]

Stacked on #5626.

📜 Description

Apply byte-category rate limits to the corresponding envelope item types. Log envelope items now respect log_byte limits, and trace metric envelope items now respect trace_metric_byte limits.

💡 Motivation and Context

Relay can rate limit logs and trace metrics by both item count and byte size. The SDK already parsed byte-category rate limits, but item filtering only checked log_item and trace_metric, so byte-only limits were stored without dropping the matching envelope item.

This change aligns SDK filtering with Relay's count-and-byte rate limit semantics.

💚 How did you test it?

• ./gradlew :sentry:test --tests "io.sentry.transport.RateLimiterTest"
• ./gradlew spotlessApply apiDump

📝 Checklist

• I added GH Issue ID & Linear ID
• I added tests to verify the changes.
• No new PII added or SDK only sends newly added PII if sendDefaultPII is enabled.
• I updated the docs if needed.
• I updated the wizard if needed.
• Review from the native team if needed.
• No breaking change or entry added to the changelog.
• No breaking change for hybrid SDKs or communicated to hybrid SDKs.

🔮 Next steps

[github-actions]

🚨 Detected changes in high risk code 🚨

High-risk code has higher potential to break the SDK and may be hard to test. To prevent severe bugs, apply the rollout process for releasing such changes and be extra careful when changing and reviewing these files:

• sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/transport/RateLimiter.java

[github-actions]

🚨 Detected changes in high risk code 🚨

High-risk code has higher potential to break the SDK and may be hard to test. To prevent severe bugs, apply the rollout process for releasing such changes and be extra careful when changing and reviewing these files:

• sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/transport/RateLimiter.java

[sentry]

📲 Install Builds

Android

🔗 App Name	App ID	Version	Configuration
SDK Size	io.sentry.tests.size	8.47.0 (1)	release

⚙️ sentry-android Build Distribution Settings

[github-actions]

Performance metrics 🚀

	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
Startup time	319.68 ms	375.92 ms	56.24 ms
Size	0 B	0 B	0 B

Baseline results on branch: main

Startup times

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
abfcc92	309.54 ms	380.32 ms	70.78 ms
4e3e79d	328.10 ms	395.64 ms	67.54 ms
8c1fb22	316.62 ms	352.78 ms	36.16 ms
b67bb28	307.59 ms	341.24 ms	33.65 ms
d15471f	361.89 ms	378.07 ms	16.18 ms
22f4345	313.52 ms	364.96 ms	51.44 ms
6727e14	337.22 ms	373.94 ms	36.71 ms
fc5ccaf	322.49 ms	405.25 ms	82.76 ms
22f4345	314.79 ms	375.02 ms	60.23 ms
2195398	319.02 ms	342.38 ms	23.36 ms

App size

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
abfcc92	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	557.31 KiB
4e3e79d	0 B	0 B	0 B
8c1fb22	0 B	0 B	0 B
b67bb28	0 B	0 B	0 B
d15471f	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	559.54 KiB
22f4345	1.58 MiB	2.29 MiB	719.83 KiB
6727e14	1.58 MiB	2.28 MiB	718.64 KiB
fc5ccaf	1.58 MiB	2.13 MiB	557.54 KiB
22f4345	1.58 MiB	2.29 MiB	719.83 KiB
2195398	0 B	0 B	0 B

Previous results on branch: fix/rate-limit-byte-categories

Startup times

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
07e6983	340.86 ms	440.04 ms	99.18 ms

App size

Revision	Plain	With Sentry	Diff
07e6983	0 B	0 B	0 B

[github-actions]

🚨 Detected changes in high risk code 🚨

High-risk code has higher potential to break the SDK and may be hard to test. To prevent severe bugs, apply the rollout process for releasing such changes and be extra careful when changing and reviewing these files:

• sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/transport/RateLimiter.java