sorts: make cycle_sort generic for comparable items

[Rayan-and-beyond]

Describe your change

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Add or change doctests? -- Note: Please avoid changing both code and tests in a single pull request.
• Documentation change?

Make cycle_sort() generic over comparable element types while preserving its in-place behavior and return element type.

Add doctests for strings and non-comparable mixed values, and include cycle_sort in the shared TypeError regression test. The shared comparison-sort suite already exercises floats, strings, dataclasses, and named tuples for this algorithm.

Part of #15234

Checklist

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