Description Open Pull Request File Map
Script: scripts/pr_file_map.py
Generated (UTC): 2026-09-13T20:21:22.400071+00:00
Number of PRs: 452
Number of files: 547
138 existing files
.python-version: CI: try Python 3.15t release candidate (DRAFT — do not merge until 3.15t GA) #15105 python3.15t #15142 DIRECTORY.md: Added shunt capacitor power factor correction #9535 Added an algorithm in how to use genetic algorithm for numbers #9577 Multinomial naive bayes text classifier #9619 Added pairwise iteration algorithms #9645 Added a polygon triangulation algorithm with the ear clipping method. #10466 Added postfix-prefix conversion #10474 Add: Ordinary Least Squares Regression Algorithm #10800 feat: implements a hex to rgb conversion function #11113 Add Algorithm for Fresnel Diffraction #11580 finding different diffraction parameters #11608 Add activity selection new algorithm #11667 Implementation of Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) ML Algorithm #11671 Proof of Work Algorithm for Blockchain #11699 Create bragg_angle.py #11744 String Tokenization with Byte-Pair Encoding #11782 Added doctests to eulerian_path_and_circuit_for_undirected_graph.py #11883 Added reverse_selection_sort #11910 Add files via upload #11924 Geometry - shoelace formula #12118 Implementing Dynamic array #12271 First Implementation of Johnson Graph Algorithm #12281 Logical Implementation of Shor Algorithm #12317 Adding algorithm delta-star transformation #12356 Add Functional Programming Pipeline with Unix Pipeline Syntax #12413 Backpropagation weight decay #12421 algorithm for shuffling elements of an array. #12540 Add physics script for the light aberration calculation. #12686 Added Random Forest Regressor as an additional prediction model. #12767 Add simple recursion examples: factorial, fibonacci, sum_of_digits #12834 Transitive Closure Algorithm #12940 Add K-means++ #12976 feat: add isomorphic strings #13014 Added Skeletonizing and Pruning Operations - DIP #13141 New Genetic Algorithm solution for Knapsack problem #13234 feat: Add Weighted Job Scheduling algorithm to dynamic programming #13378 Implement modified vigenere cipher for all printable ASCII #13452 Euler project solution 60 #13475 Add function to check abundant numbers #13527 Add function to check deficient numbers #13528 Add Disarium number checker implementation #13529 Add Merge Sorted Arrays Algorithm with Type Hints and Doctests #13589 feat(searches): Add Floyd's Cycle-Finding Algorithm #13609 machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016 Implement recursive binary search in Python #14056 Fix bugs and typo errors in closest_pair_of_points.py #14363 python3.15t #15142 backtracking/all_permutations.py: Test cases for all_permutations #10662 Added doctests [Contributes to #9943] #13106 backtracking/crossword_puzzle_solver.py: Improve crossword puzzle solver implementation #14568 backtracking/minimax.py: Add Minimax with Alpha-Beta Pruning algorithm #14364 bit_manipulation/count_number_of_one_bits.py: Feature/arun count set bits new approach #13483 blockchain/README.md: Updated blockchain readme #12792 Update README.md #13296 blockchain/diophantine_equation.py: feat(blockchain): add all_diophantine_solutions with type hints & doctests #12999 boolean_algebra/README.md: Added Derived Gates and Modified basic gates along with explanation, symbols, examples and Truth Tables. #13807 boolean_algebra/and_gate.py: Updated the error handling in and_gate.py #13236 Update and_gate.py #13701 boolean_algebra/karnaugh_map_simplification.py: updated the kmap simplification algorithm to give the most simplified expression #14792 ciphers/a1z26.py: Clarify 1-based indexing in a1z26.py docstring #13966 ciphers/caesar_cipher.py: Fix: cleaned caesar_cipher.py with error handling and better docs #13825 ciphers/cryptomath_module.py: Add doctests to cryptomath_module #13147 Add doctests to cryptomath_module.py #13217 ciphers/diffie_hellman.py: Simplify diffie_hellman.py #12541 conversions/binary_to_decimal.py: Update binary_to_decimal.py #11919 Refactor binary to decimal conversion function #14571 conversions/binary_to_hexadecimal.py: Simplify bin_to_hexadecimal function #14570 conversions/excel_title_to_column.py: feat(conversions): add input validation and lowercase support to excel_title_to_column #14872 conversions/molecular_chemistry.py: feat(conversions): Add mass_to_moles and moles_to_molecules conversions to molecul… #14879 conversions/roman_numerals.py: fix: int_to_roman silently returns wrong values for out-of-range input #14635 feat(conversions): add input validation and fix bugs in Roman Numerals #14871 data_compression/coordinate_compression.py: fix(data_compression): handle duplicates correctly and throw consistent ValueError in coordinate_compression #14873 data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py: Add two-pointer method for finding triplets with 0 sum #14186 data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py: added iterative solution for product sum problem #11133 data_structures/arrays/rotate_array.py: Add Rotate Array Algorithm (Right Rotation by k Steps) #13093 data_structures/disjoint_set/disjoint_set.py: Add comprehensive doctests to disjoint_set.py #13619 data_structures/linked_list/doubly_linked_list.py: Add doubly_to_singly() method to convert a doubly linked list to a singly linked list #14410 data_structures/trie/trie.py: Enhanced Trie Data Structure Implementation with Complete Documentation and Test Suite #14015 digital_image_processing/resize/resize.py: Add bilinear and bicubic interpolation #12275 divide_and_conquer/closest_pair_of_points.py: Fix bugs and typo errors in closest_pair_of_points.py #14363 divide_and_conquer/inversions.py: task: Add type hints to inversions.py #14262 divide_and_conquer/strassen_matrix_multiplication.py: optimize split_matrix function #12552 Docs/strassen docstring complexity #14095 dynamic_programming/fibonacci.py: Implement __repr__ method for debugging #13640 dynamic_programming/knapsack.py: Fix: Update Coin Change Dynamic Programming Algorithm Type Hints and Return Type #13395 dynamic_programming/longest_common_subsequence.py: feat: add LCS string reconstruction using DP backtracking #14472 dynamic_programming/optimal_binary_search_tree.py: Add boundary checking to optimal bst #11771 dynamic_programming/subset_generation.py: Changed the Code to return tuple in dynamic_programming/subset_generation.py#10189 #10382 dynamic_programming/trapped_water.py: Optimized Trapping Rainwater Solution to O(1) Space (Two-Pointer Approach) #13973 electronics/wheatstone_bridge.py: Refine Wheatstone Bridge explanation #14031 Improve wheatstone docs #14275 geometry/geometry.py: Add triangle in Geometry #12980 chore(geometry): add angle conversion, ellipse eccentricity, polygon geometry, and triangle class #13447 Fix ellipse perimeter calculation #13690 graphics/digital_differential_analyzer_line.py: Docs: Improve docstring for DDA algorithm #13906 fix(dda): fix docstring #enhancement 13905 #13909 graphs/a_star.py: refactor: Upgrade A* pathfinding algorithm with configurable heuristics (#13917) #14718 graphs/basic_graphs.py: Add doctests to graphs/basic_graphs.py #12881 graphs/check_bipatrite.py: docs: remove stale bipartite doctest fixmes #14729 graphs/dijkstra.py: Refactor Dijkstra pseudo-code and function for readability and type s… #11875 graphs/dijkstra_2.py: Add doctests to dijkstra_2.py #11823 Tests/doctests dijkstra 2 #13036 graphs/directed_and_undirected_weighted_graph.py: Add doctests to DFS and BFS. Contributes to #9943 #11757 Test cases for graphs/directed and undirected weighted graph.py #12287 Add to doctests #12790 graphs/eulerian_path_and_circuit_for_undirected_graph.py: Added doctests to eulerian_path_and_circuit_for_undirected_graph.py #11883 graphs/graphs_floyd_warshall.py: Add doctests to graphs_floyd_warshall.py #11820 Unit tests #12125 Improve Test Coverage with Doctests for Floyd Warshall algorithm #12616 graphs/page_rank.py: fix: initialize PageRank to 1/n instead of 1 #15024 hashes/chaos_machine.py: fix: inverted loop condition in chaos_machine.py prevents execution #14777 Remove unnecessary global declarations, inline inner function and fix main loop while condition in chaos_machine #14814 hashes/enigma_machine.py: add tests for enigma_machine #10017 machine_learning/__init__.py: machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016 machine_learning/apriori_algorithm.py: Refactor Apriori Algorithm: Fix Pruning Logic, Add Type Hints, and Pass Lint Checks #12700 Refactor apriori algorithm #14579 machine_learning/dimensionality_reduction.py: feat: add dimensionality reduction algorithms (PCA, LDA, LLE, MDS) #13118 Add t-SNE implementation and tests for dimensionality reduction #13337 machine_learning/forecasting/run.py: Added Random Forest Regressor as an additional prediction model. #12767 machine_learning/gaussian_naive_bayes.py: Add Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier in machine_learning/ #14853 machine_learning/linear_discriminant_analysis.py: Fix LDA comment grammar #14800 machine_learning/linear_regression.py: Update linear_regression.py #11567 Contributes to #9943 by add tests in linear regression #11622 Added Exception Handling and type hinting #11802 Add regression visualization #14637 machine_learning/logistic_regression.py: Refactor logistic regression to OOP class with multi-class support #14923 machine_learning/loss_functions.py: Add connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss algorithm #11240 Add the sparse categorical cross-entropy loss #11250 Add Gaussian negative log likelihood loss algorithm #11263 Adding RMSE - Root Mean Squared Error Loss function #13410 machine_learning/support_vector_machines.py: Update support_vector_machines.py to add the polynomial kernel #12748 machine_learning/t_stochastic_neighbour_embedding.py: Enhancement: t-SNE Script Improvements #13522 maths/abs.py: Refactor: unify abs usage and expand type hints to float #14142 maths/addition_without_arithmetic.py: Clarify bitwise operations used in addition without arithmetic #14059 maths/basic_maths.py: Adding new algorithms which are pretty necessary and improving the readability of algos! #13251 maths/binomial_distribution.py: fix typo in binomial_distribution.py print statement #14779 maths/collatz_sequence.py: fix(maths): use specific exception types in collatz_sequence #14769 maths/entropy.py: refactor: generalize entropy calculation and improve semantic clarity #14202 maths/factorial.py: fix-factorial-validation: Fix input validation and doctests #13818 I have updated the print statement to understand #13994 Add recursive factorial implementation #14158 docs: improve module docstring clarity for factorial #14216 maths/fermat_little_theorem.py: Fix binary_exponentiation: integer exponent and floor division, add doctest #14876 maths/find_max.py: Improve documentation and educational comments in find_max.py #13017 maths/gcd_of_n_numbers.py: Improve prime factorization correctness and performance in GCD implementation #14190 maths/greatest_common_divisor.py: Fix and improve module docstring for greatest common divisor #14239 maths/kth_lexicographic_permutation.py: Fix kth lexicographic permutation #14197 maths/least_common_multiple.py: Fix ZeroDivisionError on zero operands in least_common_multiple #14845 maths/lucas_series.py: Optimize Lucas Number Calculation with Matrix Exponentiation #13131 maths/monte_carlo.py: Add doctests and refactor Monte Carlo estimation functions #12703 maths/number_of_digits.py: Fix incorrect doctest and improve log handling in num_digits functions #13850 Fix num_digits_fast for powers of ten #14742 maths/perfect_number.py: improved perfect number algorithm in maths module #14134 maths/persistence.py: refactor(maths): use direct iteration instead of index-based loops in persistence.py #14767 maths/primelib.py: fix: add type hints to maths/primelib.py and fix integer division #14089 maths/sieve_of_eratosthenes.py: Optimize speed and memory sieve_of_eratosthenes.py (skip evens) #13110 maths/softmax.py: refactor: add type hints to maths/softmax.py #14153 maths/sum_of_digits.py: fix(maths): correct recursive call in sum_of_digits_recursion #14768 maths/trailing_zeroes.py: fix: preserve integer precision in trailing zeroes #15313 maths/triplet_sum.py: Added doctests for random dataset function #13360 maths/two_pointer.py: Improve two_pointer documentation and readability #14539 maths/volume.py: docs: improve vol_cuboid docstring with Wikipedia reference and math formula. #14409 matrix/count_islands_in_matrix.py: Added doctests for matrix/count_islands_in_matrix.py #12555 Contributes to #9943: Add docstrings and doctests, fix is_safe logic, and improve code formatting #12691 Added the doctests - Contributes to #9943 #13716 matrix/matrix_class.py: Contributes to #9943: Add docstrings and doctests, fix is_safe logic, and improve code formatting #12691 Added the doctests - Contributes to #9943 #13716 matrix/matrix_operation.py: Added matrix permanent operation #13987 networking_flow/ford_fulkerson.py: Optimize Ford-Fulkerson algorithm with type annotations and performance improvements #13128 physics/hamiltonian.py: Add classical and quantum Hamiltonian functions (#13235) #13312 physics/photoelectric_effect.py: Improve documentation and clarity of photoelectric effect explanation #14030 physics/potential_energy.py: Add collisions #14787 project_euler/problem_030/sol1.py: Update sol1.py #13639 project_euler/problem_034/sol1.py: feat(euler): Optimize problem 034 with a lower upper bound #13531 project_euler/problem_135/sol1.py: perf: keep Euler 135 arithmetic integral #14990 project_euler/problem_145/sol1.py: Optimize prob 145 #14694 scripts/pr_file_map.py: Improve scripts/pr_file_map.py observability and output metadata #15317 searches/binary_search.py: Remove inefficient validation checks in binary search functions #13836 Fixes #13840 - handle duplicate items correctly in binary search #13841 Fix binary search to return leftmost occurrence for duplicates #13891 fixed logical error in parameter "hi" the bisect functions of the bin… #13900 Fix: return the correct index when duplicates in binary_search #13901 Fix: Return first index for binary search with duplicate elements (#1… #13955 Clarify doctest usage in binary search docstring #14051 Improve binary search doc #14456 Fix binary search final #14523 Improve error message clarity in binary search functions #14622 added time complexity to binary_search.py docstring #14708 searches/binary_tree_traversal.py: feat: add test case of binary_tree_travarsal #11825 searches/exponential_search.py: Add exponential_search doctest for empty array edge case #13954 fix: handle not-found edges in exponential_search #14806 searches/interpolation_search.py: Test cases for interpolation_search #10690 searches/jump_search.py: Fix binary search final #14523 searches/linear_search.py: Fix: Improve docstrings and use ValueError in rec_linear_search #14626 Improve: Handle empty sequence case in linear_search #14627 Replace generic exception with ValueError in linear search #14641 searches/sentinel_linear_search.py: feat: Add sentinel linear search algorithm #14581 searches/ternary_search.py: fix(searches): correct ternary search pivots and exclusive bounds #15005 sorts/binary_insertion_sort.py: Don't implement binary search again #12593 sorts/gnome_sort.py: Add module docstring gnome sort #14398 sorts/heap_sort.py: sorts: make quick sort support comparable items #15290 sorts/insertion_sort.py: improve docstrings in insertion_sort.py to include complexity analysis #14868 Add time and space complexity analysis to insertion_sort docstring #15054 sorts/pancake_sort.py: docs: Add type hints and improve documentation for pancake_sort #13960 Improve: add type hints to pancake_sort #14738 chore: add type hints to pancake_sort #14841 sorts: make pancake_sort generic over Comparable items #15311 sorts/quick_sort.py: Added complexities #11725 sorts: make quick sort support comparable items #15290 sorts/quick_sort_3_partition.py: Add Hoare partition algorithm #12601 sorts/radix_sort.py: fix(sorts): raise ValueError on negative inputs in radix_sort (#14950) #15011 sorts/selection_sort.py: Enhance docstring for selection_sort function #13963 docs: add time and space complexity to selection_sort docstring #13972 sorts/shell_sort.py: Add Shell Sort Algorithm #13911 sorts/stooge_sort.py: Add Stooge Sort implementation #14746 sorts/topological_sort.py: Updated topological_sort.py #11290 Fix topological sort order #14609 strings/anagrams.py: Improve docstrings and readability in anagrams module #14188 Improve docstring clarity and typing in anagrams #14219 strings/boyer_moore_search.py: Improve Boyer-Moore String Search (Bad Character Rule) Implementation #13039 fix: Boyer-Moore bad character shift was dead code in for-loop #14770 strings/camel_case_to_snake_case.py: corrected the typos in camel_case_to_snake_case.py #14832 Add docstring frequency finder #14833 Correct typos and add secret_language file #14843 strings/capitalize.py: Simplify capitalize implementation #14654 strings/check_anagrams.py: Improve docstring clarity for anagram check function #14058 strings/frequency_finder.py: Add docstring frequency finder #14833 strings/is_isogram.py: Improve is_isogram performance by removing unnecessary sorting #15318 strings/knuth_morris_pratt.py: refactor(strings): Improve and correct KMP implementation #13694 strings/min_cost_string_conversion.py: ✅ Add doctests to string conversion functions #12839 docs: add doctests for min_cost_string_conversion #13601 strings/palindrome.py: Add is_palindrome_ignore_case_and_spaces to strings/palindrome.py #14907 strings/rabin_karp.py: Add Rabin-Karp String Matching Algorithm (#13918) #13947 strings/split.py: Fixes #14649 #14673 strings/suffix_automaton.py: add suffix automaton algo #11217 feat(strings): add suffix automaton implementation #13606 strings/word_occurrence.py: Fix word occurrence doctest variable typo #14909 tests/test_sorts.py: sorts: make pancake_sort generic over Comparable items #15311 web_programming/covid_stats_via_xpath.py: Refactor error handling and improve logging #13000 web_programming/crawl_google_scholar_citation.py: Update crawl_google_scholar_citation.py #11655 web_programming/instagram_crawler.py: Instagram Crawler Overhaul using web_profile_info API Fixes#10634 #11193
294 files not present in the working directory
backtracking/m_coloring_problem.py: fix(backtracking): Correct doctest in m_coloring_problem #13288 bit_manipulation/binary_addition.py: Binary Addition of two binary strings input to produce binary string output of any length #10370 bit_manipulation/count_bits.py: feat: add count_bits algorithm with doctests #13938 bit_manipulation/divide_two_integers.py: Add divide two integers algorithm #13737 bit_manipulation/fin_two_unique_numbers.py: Add algorithm to find Two unique numbers using bit manipulation with docsets #13216 bit_manipulation/find_upper_lower_nibble.py: Add function to find upper and lower nibbles with doctests and type hints #13121 bit_manipulation/hamming_code_generator.py: feat: Introduce hamming code generator #11827 bit_manipulation/max_xor_bit_trie.py: Added Implementation of Bit_Trie for finding max xor between two numbers in an array #13132 bit_manipulation/multibit_manipulation.py: Adding multibit-manipulation algorithm implemented with bitwise operations #11418 bit_manipulation/single_number.py: Single Number Algo Added #12042 bit_manipulation/sliding_window_xor.py: Add Sliding_Window_XOR working solution #13129 bit_manipulation/update_bit.py: added program to update bit at given position. #9902 bit_manipulation/xor_swap_two_integers.py: Add XOR-based swap algorithm for two numbers #13018 blockchain/merkle_tree.py: Add Merkle Tree construction and verification algorithm #13753 blockchain/pow_algorithm.py: Proof of Work Algorithm for Blockchain #11699 blockchain/proof_of_stake.py: Added Proof of Stake(PoS) #11945 New: Added proof of work(PoW) #11946 blockchain/proof_of_work.py: New: Added proof of work(PoW) #11946 blockchain/simple_blockchain.py: Add simple blockchain mining algorithm with PoW #13114 blockchain/simple_proof_of_work.py: Add: blockchain/simple_proof_of_work.py #14237 ciphers/base58.py: Added Base58 encoding/decoding in ciphers #12123 ciphers/columnar_transposition.py: Feat/ciphers columnar #13102 ciphers/des_ecb.py: [Feature] Implemented DES Algorithm in ECB mode #11785 ciphers/printable_ascii_vigenere_cipher.py: Implement modified vigenere cipher for all printable ASCII #13452 ciphers/rc4.py: feat: Add RC4 stream cipher implementation #14753 ciphers/skytale_cipher.py: (ciphers): add scytale (skytale) transposition cipher with doctests #13100 Feat/ciphers columnar #13102 ciphers/spiral_transposition.py: Create spiral_transposition.py #13421 ciphers/xtea.py: Add XTEA block cipher implementation #14414 conversions/base64_to_binary.py: Added base64 to binary conversion. #12209 conversions/bianry_to_excessthree.py: Created bianry_to_excessthree.py #13831 conversions/binary_to_base64.py: Added binary to base64 conversion #12210 conversions/binary_to_gray.py: Add binary to gray code conversion algorithm under Hacktoberfest 2025 #13826 conversions/binary_to_gray_code.py: feat(conversions): Add Binary and Gray Code conversion algorithms #13634 conversions/convert_base.py: Create convert_base.py #11115 conversions/endianness.py: Add endianness conversion algorithm #14041 conversions/hex_to_rgb.py: feat: implements a hex to rgb conversion function #11113 conversions/int_to_negative_binary_base.py: adding negative binary base conversion algorithms #11213 conversions/negative_binary_base_to_int.py: adding negative binary base conversion algorithms #11213 conversions/ounces_to_grams.py: Add ounces to grams conversion. #14079 data_structures/arrays/Deque.py: Create Deque.py #13419 data_structures/arrays/dynamic_array.py: Implementing Dynamic array #12271 data_structures/arrays/first_missing_positive.py: first missing positive algorithm #11199 data_structures/arrays/gas_station.py: Added gas_station.py #11822 data_structures/arrays/list_maximum_depth_sum.py: Feat: Implement recursive Max Depth Sum calculation for nested arrays #13502 data_structures/arrays/longest_consecutive_sequence.py: Longest Consecutive Sequence LeetCode problem #9686 data_structures/arrays/max_and_min.py: added max and min algo #13345 data_structures/arrays/merge_intervals.py: added merge interval problem on the array data structure #14009 data_structures/arrays/merge_sorted.py: Add Merge Sorted Arrays Algorithm with Type Hints and Doctests #13589 data_structures/arrays/new_combination.py: Add combinations function for array inputs #12326 data_structures/arrays/pairwise_iteration.py: Added pairwise iteration algorithms #9645 data_structures/arrays/pascals_triangle.py: add pascals_triangle in data structure #14026 data_structures/arrays/remove_duplicates_fromarray.py: Create remove_duplicates_fromarray.py #13192 data_structures/arrays/reverse_array.py: feat(arrays): Add in-place array reversal algorithm #13370 data_structures/arrays/set_matrix_zeroes.py: Created set_matrix_zeroes.py #13369 data_structures/arrays/sliding_window_maximum.py: Implement sliding window maximum algorithm using deque #13661 data_structures/arrays/two_sum.py: Add docstring and type hints to two_sum #14008 data_structures/binary_tree/binary-tree-deletion.py: Add files via upload #11924 data_structures/disjoint_set/progressive_set_intersection.py: feat: add progressive_set_intersection to disjoint_set #14492 data_structures/hashing/coalesced_hashing.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048 data_structures/hashing/fnv_hashtable.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048 data_structures/hashing/hopscotch.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048 data_structures/hashing/linear_probing.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048 data_structures/hashing/power_of_two.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048 data_structures/hashing/robin_hood.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048 data_structures/hashing/tests/test_advanced_hashing.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048 data_structures/linked_list/remove_nth_node_from_end_of_list.py: Remove nth node from end of list #9880 data_structures/persistent_segment_tree.py: Persistent Segment Tree #12186 data_structures/queue/monotonic_queue.py: add monotonic queue algorithm #10531 data_structures/stacks/celebrity_problem.py: Added new algorithm to solve the famous celebrity problem using stack #13112 data_structures/stacks/postfix_to_infix_conversion.py: Added postfix_to_infix_conversion.py #10607 data_structures/stacks/postfix_to_prefix_conversion.py: Added postfix-prefix conversion #10474 data_structures/stacks/stack_tracking_min_max.py: Stack implementation that tracks Min/Max element #9946 data_structures/trie/binary_trie.py: Create binary_trie.py #11918 data_structures/trie/segment_tree.py: Add Segment Tree implementation in Python #13327 data_structures/two_pointer/__init__.py: added two pointer directory and added solution to is_palindrome.py #11566 data_structures/two_pointer/is_palindrome.py: added two pointer directory and added solution to is_palindrome.py #11566 data_structures/z_score_normalization.py: Add Z-score normalization algorithm for data standardization #14527 digital_image_processing/image_data/skeleton_lena.png: Added Skeletonizing and Pruning Operations - DIP #13141 digital_image_processing/morphological_operations/pruning_operation.py: Added Skeletonizing and Pruning Operations - DIP #13141 digital_image_processing/morphological_operations/skeletonization_operation.py: Added Skeletonizing and Pruning Operations - DIP #13141 divide_and_conquer/README.md: Added a readme file for the divide and conquer directory #13519 divide_and_conquer/fast_fourier_transform.py: Adding fast_fourier_transform.py #13738 divide_and_conquer/karatsuba_multiplication.py: feat: add Karatsuba multiplication algorithm in divide_and_conquer folder modified #13300 divide_and_conquer/minimum_element_of_array.py: Add the algorithm to search the minimum element of an array using the… #9688 divide_and_conquer/tests/__init__.py: optimize split_matrix function #12552 divide_and_conquer/tests/test_strassen_matrix_multiplication.py: optimize split_matrix function #12552 dynamic_programming/coin_change.py: Fix: Update Coin Change Dynamic Programming Algorithm Type Hints and Return Type #13395 dynamic_programming/egg_drop.py: Add Egg Drop algorithm #11697 dynamic_programming/egg_dropping.py: Add Egg Dropping Problem (Dynamic Programming) #13824 dynamic_programming/house_robber.py: New Algorithm added in dynamic_programming #13471 dynamic_programming/job_scheduling.py: My first contrib #13361 dynamic_programming/kadanes_algorithm.py: Add Kadane's algorithm for maximum subarray sum #14525 dynamic_programming/longest_arithmetic_subsequence.py: Adds Longest Arithmetic Subsequence (Review Reqd) #11712 dynamic_programming/longest_repeating_subsequence.py: feat: add longest repeating subsequence algorithm #14856 dynamic_programming/moving_average.py: Add moving average algorithm for sliding window data analysis #14526 dynamic_programming/partition_equal_subset_sum.py: Add partition equal subset sum to dynamic_programming #14702 dynamic_programming/weighted_job_scheduling.py: feat: Add Weighted Job Scheduling algorithm to dynamic programming #13378 electronics/power_factor.py: power factor calculator #11727 electronics/power_factor_correction.py: Added shunt capacitor power factor correction #9535 electronics/star_delta_conversions.py: added star delta converter module #9649 electronics/star_delta_transform.py: Adding algorithm delta-star transformation #12356 financial/amortization_table.py: Added Amortization Table #11368 financial/expected_shortfall.py: Add Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall to financial #15051 financial/fractional_differentiation.py: fractional differentiation for engineering stationary features from financial time series #11851 financial/get_annuity_due_future_value.py: feat: create (financial) get_annuity_due_future_value function #12357 financial/get_ordinary_annuity_future_value.py: feat: create get_ordinary_annuity_future_value function in financial #12358 financial/macaulay_duration.py: Feat macaulay duration #14506 financial/relative_strength_index.py: Calculate Relative Strength Index (RSI) algorithm #13888 financial/streaming_moving_average.py: Streaming moving average #11826 financial/value_at_risk.py: Add Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall to financial #15051 fractals/hilbert_curve.py: Create hilbert_curve.py #12091 genetic_algorithm/adjacency_representation.py: Add adjacency representation generator for closed Hamiltonian tours #13645 genetic_algorithm/basic_number.py: Added an algorithm in how to use genetic algorithm for numbers #9577 genetic_algorithm/knapsack.py: New Genetic Algorithm solution for Knapsack problem #13234 genetic_algorithm/ordinal_representation.py: Add ordinal representation generator for closed Hamiltonian tours #13647 genetic_algorithm/travelling_salesman_problem.py: add genetic_algorithm/travelling_salesman_problem.py #11228 geodesy/radar_target_calculation.py: Add ENU ECEF target coordinate calculation (geodesy) #15056 geometry/braik_mac_construction.py: Braikenridge-Maclaurin Construction of a Conic #11205 geometry/collision_detection.py: Add collision detection algorithm (#12569) #13969 geometry/point_in_polygon.py: Add Point in Polygon algorithm using ray casting #15309 geometry/point_to_plane_distance.py: Add point to plane distance using Hesse normal form #14360 geometry/shoelace.py: Geometry - shoelace formula #12118 graphics/bresenham_line_basic.py: Added Bresenham Line Algorithm basic version for first quadrant #13750 Bresenham line advanced algorithm which handles all octants ( for hacktoberfest ) #13751 graphics/bresenham_line_generalized.py: Bresenham line advanced algorithm which handles all octants ( for hacktoberfest ) #13751 graphics/interactive_3d_renderer.py: Tk render 3D #13113 graphs/array_to_graph.py: Adjust array splitting to handle non-divisible arrays #12526 graphs/blossom_algorithm.py: Add Blossom algorithm (Edmonds' algorithm) for maximum matching in general graphs #13023 graphs/edmonds_blossom_algorithm.py: Added edmonds_blossom_algorithm.py. For maximum matching in the graph. #12043 #12056 graphs/graph_centrality.py: Graph Centrality #11897 graphs/graph_peripherality.py: Graph Peripherality #11898 graphs/johnson_graph.py: First Implementation of Johnson Graph Algorithm #12281 graphs/swim_in_rising_water.py: Add swim_in_rising_water algorithm to graphs directory #13249 graphs/tests/test_edmonds_blossom_algorithm.py: Added edmonds_blossom_algorithm.py. For maximum matching in the graph. #12043 #12056 graphs/tests/test_graphs_floyd_warshall.py: Unit tests #12125 graphs/travelling_salesman_problem.py: Added graphs/travelling_salesman_problem.py #12559 greedy_methods/activity_selection.py: Add activity selection new algorithm #11667 greedy_methods/gale_shapley_stable_matching.py: Gale shapley stable matching #14264 greedy_methods/merge_intervals.py: feat: add merge intervals algorithm #14436 greedy_methods/minimize_deviation_in_array.py: add: Minimum Deviation in Array to greedy_methods #10860 greedy_methods/sliding_window.py: Create sliding_window.py #11581 hashes/array_pairs_divisibility.py: Feature/hashes #11652 hashes/crc32.py: feat: add CRC32 hash algorithm implementation #14035 Add CRC-32 checksum implementation #14415 hashes/fnv.py: Add FNV-1a hash algorithm implementation #14036 hashes/fnv1a.py: Add FNV-1a hash algorithm implementation with 32-bit and 64-bit variants #13814 hashes/joaat.py: feat(hashes): add Jenkins-One-At-A-Time function #14560 hashes/sha3.py: added: sha-3(Keccak) implementation #14023 hashes/xxhash.py: Add xxHash32 algorithm implementation #14037 knapsack/knapsack_graph_generation.py: Add graph generation algorithm for Knapsack problems #12896 knapsack/knapsack_memoization.py: Knapsack_with_memoization #10180 linear_algebra/determinant.py: New script demonstrates the implementation of the Sigmoid, tanh function, Matrix determinant and Matrix trace calculation. #13364 linear_algebra/matrix_trace.py: New script demonstrates the implementation of the Sigmoid, tanh function, Matrix determinant and Matrix trace calculation. #13364 linear_algebra/qr_decomposition.py: Qr Decomposition #14647 machine_learning/Multi-Armed Bandits .py: Added kernel svm algorithm code file #12784 machine_learning/adaboost.py: Add ml algorithms #13270 machine_learning/arima.py: Add ARIMA model #13271 machine_learning/cnn.py: Add cnn model #13273 machine_learning/cosine_similarity.py: Add Cosine Similarity algorithm to machine_learning #14740 machine_learning/dbscan.py: Implementation of Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) ML Algorithm #11671 Add DBSCAN clustering algorithm in machine_learning/ #14851 machine_learning/gaussian_mixture_model.py: Add Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) Algorithm for Clustering #13637 machine_learning/k_means_plus_plus.py: Add K-means++ #12976 machine_learning/k_nearest_neighbors.py: I corrected "neighbours" to "neighbors". (Hacktoberfest) #13085 machine_learning/kernel_svm.ipynb: Added kernel svm algorithm code file #12784 machine_learning/mab.py: added multi armed bandit problem with three strategies to solve it #12668 machine_learning/mean_shift.py: Add Mean Shift clustering algorithm in machine_learning/ #14858 machine_learning/mini_batch_gradient_descent.py: added mini batch gradient descent algo in ml dir #13026 machine_learning/multinomial_naive_bayes.py: Add naive bayes classifier #14065 machine_learning/multinomial_naive_bayes_classifier.py: Multinomial naive bayes text classifier #9619 machine_learning/naive_bayes.py: Add naive bayes classifier #14065 machine_learning/naive_bayes_text_classification.py: Add multinomial Naive Bayes text classification example #14665 machine_learning/ordinary_least_squares_regression.py: Add: Ordinary Least Squares Regression Algorithm #10800 machine_learning/principal_component_analysis.py: Added Principal Component Analysis #9610 machine_learning/q_learning.py: Add Q-Learning algorithm implementation with epsilon-greedy policy an… #13402 machine_learning/ridge_regression.py: Add Ridge Regression to Machine Learning #12111 Fixes issue #12108: Added Ridge Regression to Machine Learning #12246 machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016 machine_learning/rmsprop.py: Add RMSprop optimizer to machine_learning #14733 machine_learning/tests/__init__.py: machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016 machine_learning/tests/conftest.py: machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016 machine_learning/tests/test_ridge_regression.py: machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016 maths/armstrong_number.py: Add Armstrong number algorithm in maths module #14099 maths/autocorrelation.py: maths: add autocorrelation function #14895 maths/automorphic_number.py: Add Automorphic Number Check Algorithm #13993 maths/baby_step_giant_step.py: Add baby-step giant-step discrete logarithm algorithm #14997 maths/bearing.py: feat: implement shoelace formula for polygon area calculation #13815 maths/binomial_expansion.py: Binomial Expansion #12875 maths/disarium.py: Add Python function to check Disarium numbers #13603 maths/ear_clipping_polygon_triangulation.py: Added a polygon triangulation algorithm with the ear clipping method. #10466 maths/first_fundamental_form.py: Add first fundamental form calculator to maths #14554 maths/is_armstrong.py: Add Armstrong number check algorithmCreate is_armstrong.py #13990 maths/is_ipv6_address_valid.py: Implement IPv6 address validation algorithm #13055 maths/is_perfect_number.py: a_perfect_number #13991 maths/lucas_numbers.py: feat: add Lucas numbers algorithm with doctests #14724 maths/ncr_combinations.py: Add generalized nCr (combinations) calculator for real n and integer r #13623 maths/next_prime_number.py: Next Prime Number #13631 maths/numerical_analysis/gauss_seidel_method.py: Implement Gauss-Seidel method for solving linear systems. #13535 maths/numerical_analysis/nth_root.py: Add algorithm for approximating the nth root with Newton's Method #11509 maths/padovan_sequence.py: Add Padovan Sequence Algorith #14001 maths/power_of_two.py: add is_power_of_two with doctests #13648 maths/reverse_factorial_recursive.py: Create reverse_factorial_recursive.py #13426 maths/series/alternate_harmonic_series.py: Alternate harmonic series #14633 maths/series/alternating_harmonic_series.py: Add alternating harmonic series checker #14634 maths/shoelace_area.py: feat: implement shoelace formula for polygon area calculation #13815 maths/special_numbers/abundant_numbers.py: Add function to check abundant numbers #13527 maths/special_numbers/deficient_numbers.py: Add function to check deficient numbers #13528 maths/special_numbers/disarum_number.py: Add Disarium number checker implementation #13529 maths/special_numbers/pentagonal_number.py: Add pentagonal number algorithm #14812 maths/special_numbers/spy_number.py: (Feature)Add a Spy number in Maths->Special Number #14652 maths/special_numbers/trimorphic_number.py: Implementation for Trimorphic Number #14229 maths/sum_of_outcomes_for_rolling_n_sided_dice_k_time.py: The sum of outcomes for rolling an N-sided dice K times. #11463 maths/test_abs.py: Add comprehensive test coverage for maths.abs module #13588 matrix/Flood Fill: Create Flood Fill #13187 matrix/kronecker_product.py: [Add] Kronecker Product #12023 matrix/matrix_diagonal_sum.py: Add matrix multiplication function with validation #13934 matrix/similar_matrices.py: Add similarity test for square matrices #13022 matrix/strassen_matrix_multiply.py: Added the Strassen's Matrix Multiplication Algorithm #13482 matrix/transitive_closure.py: Transitive Closure Algorithm #12940 neural_network/activation_functions/sigmoid.py: New script demonstrates the implementation of the Sigmoid, tanh function, Matrix determinant and Matrix trace calculation. #13364 neural_network/activation_functions/softsign.py: feat: Add Softsign activation function #13133 neural_network/activation_functions/tanh.py: New script demonstrates the implementation of the Sigmoid, tanh function, Matrix determinant and Matrix trace calculation. #13364 neural_network/backpropagation_weight_decay.py: Backpropagation weight decay #12421 neural_network/lstm.py: Adding LSTM algorithm from scratch in neural network algorithm sections #12082 neural_network/recurrent_neural_network.py: Added the algorithm for RNN #13514 neural_network/sliding_window_attention.py: shortened the lines #12214 other/dancing_links.py: Add Dancing Links (DLX) algorithm for Exact Cover problem #13183 other/pipeline.py: Add Functional Programming Pipeline with Unix Pipeline Syntax #12413 other/pyramid_patterns.py: Add pattern printing (pyramid, inverted pyramid, diamond) [#13460] #13462 other/shuffled_array.py: algorithm for shuffling elements of an array. #12540 other/simple_recursion.py: Add simple recursion examples: factorial, fibonacci, sum_of_digits #12834 other/token_bucket.py: added Token Bucket rate limiter algorithm #11882 physics/boyles_law.py: feat: ✨ Implementation of Boyle's law #9914 physics/bragg_angle.py: Create bragg_angle.py #11744 physics/collision_detection.py: added collision detection between primitives like circle, rectangle e… #13002 physics/collisions.py: Add collisions #14787 physics/de_broglie: Create de_broglie #12129 physics/diffraction.py: finding different diffraction parameters #11608 physics/fresnel_diffract.py: Add Algorithm for Fresnel Diffraction #11580 physics/light_aberration.py: Add physics script for the light aberration calculation. #12686 physics/rotational_partition: Create rotational_partition #12335 physics/translation_partition: Create translation_partition #12333 project_euler/problem_002/sol6.py: Create sol6.py for project_eular/problem_002 #11164 project_euler/problem_005/sol3.py: Add solution 3 for project euler problem 5. #12763 project_euler/problem_013/sol2.py: Add second solution for the Euler project problem 13. #12764 project_euler/problem_016/sol3.py: Add third solution for the Euler project problem 16. #12777 project_euler/problem_025/sol4.py: Create sol4.py for project_euler-problem_025 #11167 project_euler/problem_025/sol5.py: Create sol5.py for project_eular/problem_025 #11174 project_euler/problem_060/__init__.py: added project euler problem 60 #10082 Euler project solution 60 #13475 project_euler/problem_060/sol1.py: added project euler problem 60 #10082 Euler project solution 60 #13475 project_euler/problem_061/__init__.py: Solve Project Euler 61 #11433 Problem 061 Project Euler #14798 project_euler/problem_061/sol1.py: Solve Project Euler 61 #11433 Problem 061 Project Euler #14798 project_euler/problem_066/__init__.py: Project euler problem 66 added #14801 project_euler/problem_066/sol1.py: #14801project_euler/problem_096/__init__.py: #13013project_euler/problem_096/sol1.py: #13013project_euler/problem_096/sudoku.txt: #13013project_euler/problem_111/__init__.py: #12684project_euler/problem_111/sol1.py: #12684project_euler/problem_124/__init__.py: #12690project_euler/problem_124/sol1.py: #12690project_euler/problem_137/__init__.py: #12694project_euler/problem_137/sol1.py: #12694project_euler/problem_138/__init__.py: #12701project_euler/problem_138/sol1.py: #12701project_euler/problem_142/__init__.py: #12706project_euler/problem_142/sol1.py: #12706quantum/e91_qkd.py.DISABLED.txt: #13033quantum/shor_algorithm.py: #12317searches/binary_search_recursion.py: #14056searches/binarysearch_on_sorted_2d_array.py: #12100searches/floyds_cycle_finding.py: #13609searches/segment_tree.py: #12594sorts/bubble_sort_optimized.py: #13977sorts/count_inversion.py: #12696sorts/reverse_selection_sort.py: #11910sorts/smooth Sort: #13551sorts/split_workload.py: #10271sorts/stopwatch_sort.py: #12355strings/booths_algorithm.py: #12311strings/bpe_tokenizer.py: #11782strings/check_anagram.py: #12188strings/decode_string.py: #11092strings/integer_to_roman.py: #13941strings/is_isomorphic.py: #13014strings/is_kebab_case.py: #12206strings/largest_smallest_words.py: #10234strings/longest_common_prefix.py: #13371strings/longest_common_subsequence.py: #12895strings/longest_palindrome: #11556strings/longest_substring_without_repeating_characters.py: #10460strings/longest_word_in_sentence.py: #11475strings/min_window_substring.py: #12133strings/reverse_string.py: #13707strings/secret_language.py: #14843strings/string_is_valid_number.py: #11479strings/suffix_array.py: #15319strings/valid_anagram.py: #13297web_programming/crypto_price.py: #13016web_programming/crypto_price_tracker.py: #13797 Reactions are currently unavailable
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scripts/pr_file_map.py2026-09-13T20:21:22.400071+00:00452547138existing files.python-version: CI: try Python 3.15t release candidate (DRAFT — do not merge until 3.15t GA) #15105 python3.15t #15142DIRECTORY.md: Added shunt capacitor power factor correction #9535 Added an algorithm in how to use genetic algorithm for numbers #9577 Multinomial naive bayes text classifier #9619 Added pairwise iteration algorithms #9645 Added a polygon triangulation algorithm with the ear clipping method. #10466 Added postfix-prefix conversion #10474 Add: Ordinary Least Squares Regression Algorithm #10800 feat: implements a hex to rgb conversion function #11113 Add Algorithm for Fresnel Diffraction #11580 finding different diffraction parameters #11608 Add activity selection new algorithm #11667 Implementation of Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) ML Algorithm #11671 Proof of Work Algorithm for Blockchain #11699 Create bragg_angle.py #11744 String Tokenization with Byte-Pair Encoding #11782 Added doctests to eulerian_path_and_circuit_for_undirected_graph.py #11883 Added reverse_selection_sort #11910 Add files via upload #11924 Geometry - shoelace formula #12118 Implementing Dynamic array #12271 First Implementation of Johnson Graph Algorithm #12281 Logical Implementation of Shor Algorithm #12317 Adding algorithm delta-star transformation #12356 Add Functional Programming Pipeline with Unix Pipeline Syntax #12413 Backpropagation weight decay #12421 algorithm for shuffling elements of an array. #12540 Add physics script for the light aberration calculation. #12686 Added Random Forest Regressor as an additional prediction model. #12767 Add simple recursion examples: factorial, fibonacci, sum_of_digits #12834 Transitive Closure Algorithm #12940 Add K-means++ #12976 feat: add isomorphic strings #13014 Added Skeletonizing and Pruning Operations - DIP #13141 New Genetic Algorithm solution for Knapsack problem #13234 feat: Add Weighted Job Scheduling algorithm to dynamic programming #13378 Implement modified vigenere cipher for all printable ASCII #13452 Euler project solution 60 #13475 Add function to check abundant numbers #13527 Add function to check deficient numbers #13528 Add Disarium number checker implementation #13529 Add Merge Sorted Arrays Algorithm with Type Hints and Doctests #13589 feat(searches): Add Floyd's Cycle-Finding Algorithm #13609 machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016 Implement recursive binary search in Python #14056 Fix bugs and typo errors in closest_pair_of_points.py #14363 python3.15t #15142backtracking/all_permutations.py: Test cases for all_permutations #10662 Added doctests [Contributes to #9943] #13106backtracking/crossword_puzzle_solver.py: Improve crossword puzzle solver implementation #14568backtracking/minimax.py: Add Minimax with Alpha-Beta Pruning algorithm #14364bit_manipulation/count_number_of_one_bits.py: Feature/arun count set bits new approach #13483blockchain/README.md: Updated blockchain readme #12792 Update README.md #13296blockchain/diophantine_equation.py: feat(blockchain): add all_diophantine_solutions with type hints & doctests #12999boolean_algebra/README.md: Added Derived Gates and Modified basic gates along with explanation, symbols, examples and Truth Tables. #13807boolean_algebra/and_gate.py: Updated the error handling in and_gate.py #13236 Update and_gate.py #13701boolean_algebra/karnaugh_map_simplification.py: updated the kmap simplification algorithm to give the most simplified expression #14792ciphers/a1z26.py: Clarify 1-based indexing in a1z26.py docstring #13966ciphers/caesar_cipher.py: Fix: cleaned caesar_cipher.py with error handling and better docs #13825ciphers/cryptomath_module.py: Add doctests to cryptomath_module #13147 Add doctests to cryptomath_module.py #13217ciphers/diffie_hellman.py: Simplify diffie_hellman.py #12541conversions/binary_to_decimal.py: Update binary_to_decimal.py #11919 Refactor binary to decimal conversion function #14571conversions/binary_to_hexadecimal.py: Simplify bin_to_hexadecimal function #14570conversions/excel_title_to_column.py: feat(conversions): add input validation and lowercase support to excel_title_to_column #14872conversions/molecular_chemistry.py: feat(conversions): Add mass_to_moles and moles_to_molecules conversions to molecul… #14879conversions/roman_numerals.py: fix: int_to_roman silently returns wrong values for out-of-range input #14635 feat(conversions): add input validation and fix bugs in Roman Numerals #14871data_compression/coordinate_compression.py: fix(data_compression): handle duplicates correctly and throw consistent ValueError in coordinate_compression #14873data_structures/arrays/find_triplets_with_0_sum.py: Add two-pointer method for finding triplets with 0 sum #14186data_structures/arrays/product_sum.py: added iterative solution for product sum problem #11133data_structures/arrays/rotate_array.py: Add Rotate Array Algorithm (Right Rotation by k Steps) #13093data_structures/disjoint_set/disjoint_set.py: Add comprehensive doctests to disjoint_set.py #13619data_structures/linked_list/doubly_linked_list.py: Add doubly_to_singly() method to convert a doubly linked list to a singly linked list #14410data_structures/trie/trie.py: Enhanced Trie Data Structure Implementation with Complete Documentation and Test Suite #14015digital_image_processing/resize/resize.py: Add bilinear and bicubic interpolation #12275divide_and_conquer/closest_pair_of_points.py: Fix bugs and typo errors in closest_pair_of_points.py #14363divide_and_conquer/inversions.py: task: Add type hints to inversions.py #14262divide_and_conquer/strassen_matrix_multiplication.py: optimize split_matrix function #12552 Docs/strassen docstring complexity #14095dynamic_programming/fibonacci.py: Implement __repr__ method for debugging #13640dynamic_programming/knapsack.py: Fix: Update Coin Change Dynamic Programming Algorithm Type Hints and Return Type #13395dynamic_programming/longest_common_subsequence.py: feat: add LCS string reconstruction using DP backtracking #14472dynamic_programming/optimal_binary_search_tree.py: Add boundary checking to optimal bst #11771dynamic_programming/subset_generation.py: Changed the Code to return tuple in dynamic_programming/subset_generation.py#10189 #10382dynamic_programming/trapped_water.py: Optimized Trapping Rainwater Solution to O(1) Space (Two-Pointer Approach) #13973electronics/wheatstone_bridge.py: Refine Wheatstone Bridge explanation #14031 Improve wheatstone docs #14275geometry/geometry.py: Add triangle in Geometry #12980 chore(geometry): add angle conversion, ellipse eccentricity, polygon geometry, and triangle class #13447 Fix ellipse perimeter calculation #13690graphics/digital_differential_analyzer_line.py: Docs: Improve docstring for DDA algorithm #13906 fix(dda): fix docstring #enhancement 13905 #13909graphs/a_star.py: refactor: Upgrade A* pathfinding algorithm with configurable heuristics (#13917) #14718graphs/basic_graphs.py: Add doctests to graphs/basic_graphs.py #12881graphs/check_bipatrite.py: docs: remove stale bipartite doctest fixmes #14729graphs/dijkstra.py: Refactor Dijkstra pseudo-code and function for readability and type s… #11875graphs/dijkstra_2.py: Add doctests to dijkstra_2.py #11823 Tests/doctests dijkstra 2 #13036graphs/directed_and_undirected_weighted_graph.py: Add doctests to DFS and BFS. Contributes to #9943 #11757 Test cases for graphs/directed and undirected weighted graph.py #12287 Add to doctests #12790graphs/eulerian_path_and_circuit_for_undirected_graph.py: Added doctests to eulerian_path_and_circuit_for_undirected_graph.py #11883graphs/graphs_floyd_warshall.py: Add doctests to graphs_floyd_warshall.py #11820 Unit tests #12125 Improve Test Coverage with Doctests for Floyd Warshall algorithm #12616graphs/page_rank.py: fix: initialize PageRank to 1/n instead of 1 #15024hashes/chaos_machine.py: fix: inverted loop condition in chaos_machine.py prevents execution #14777 Remove unnecessary global declarations, inline inner function and fix main loop while condition inchaos_machine#14814hashes/enigma_machine.py: add tests for enigma_machine #10017machine_learning/__init__.py: machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016machine_learning/apriori_algorithm.py: Refactor Apriori Algorithm: Fix Pruning Logic, Add Type Hints, and Pass Lint Checks #12700 Refactor apriori algorithm #14579machine_learning/dimensionality_reduction.py: feat: add dimensionality reduction algorithms (PCA, LDA, LLE, MDS) #13118 Add t-SNE implementation and tests for dimensionality reduction #13337machine_learning/forecasting/run.py: Added Random Forest Regressor as an additional prediction model. #12767machine_learning/gaussian_naive_bayes.py: Add Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier in machine_learning/ #14853machine_learning/linear_discriminant_analysis.py: Fix LDA comment grammar #14800machine_learning/linear_regression.py: Update linear_regression.py #11567 Contributes to #9943 by add tests in linear regression #11622 Added Exception Handling and type hinting #11802 Add regression visualization #14637machine_learning/logistic_regression.py: Refactor logistic regression to OOP class with multi-class support #14923machine_learning/loss_functions.py: Add connectionist temporal classification (CTC) loss algorithm #11240 Add the sparse categorical cross-entropy loss #11250 Add Gaussian negative log likelihood loss algorithm #11263 Adding RMSE - Root Mean Squared Error Loss function #13410machine_learning/support_vector_machines.py: Update support_vector_machines.py to add the polynomial kernel #12748machine_learning/t_stochastic_neighbour_embedding.py: Enhancement: t-SNE Script Improvements #13522maths/abs.py: Refactor: unify abs usage and expand type hints to float #14142maths/addition_without_arithmetic.py: Clarify bitwise operations used in addition without arithmetic #14059maths/basic_maths.py: Adding new algorithms which are pretty necessary and improving the readability of algos! #13251maths/binomial_distribution.py: fix typo in binomial_distribution.py print statement #14779maths/collatz_sequence.py: fix(maths): use specific exception types in collatz_sequence #14769maths/entropy.py: refactor: generalize entropy calculation and improve semantic clarity #14202maths/factorial.py: fix-factorial-validation: Fix input validation and doctests #13818 I have updated the print statement to understand #13994 Add recursive factorial implementation #14158 docs: improve module docstring clarity for factorial #14216maths/fermat_little_theorem.py: Fix binary_exponentiation: integer exponent and floor division, add doctest #14876maths/find_max.py: Improve documentation and educational comments in find_max.py #13017maths/gcd_of_n_numbers.py: Improve prime factorization correctness and performance in GCD implementation #14190maths/greatest_common_divisor.py: Fix and improve module docstring for greatest common divisor #14239maths/kth_lexicographic_permutation.py: Fix kth lexicographic permutation #14197maths/least_common_multiple.py: Fix ZeroDivisionError on zero operands in least_common_multiple #14845maths/lucas_series.py: Optimize Lucas Number Calculation with Matrix Exponentiation #13131maths/monte_carlo.py: Add doctests and refactor Monte Carlo estimation functions #12703maths/number_of_digits.py: Fix incorrect doctest and improve log handling in num_digits functions #13850 Fix num_digits_fast for powers of ten #14742maths/perfect_number.py: improved perfect number algorithm in maths module #14134maths/persistence.py: refactor(maths): use direct iteration instead of index-based loops in persistence.py #14767maths/primelib.py: fix: add type hints to maths/primelib.py and fix integer division #14089maths/sieve_of_eratosthenes.py: Optimize speed and memory sieve_of_eratosthenes.py (skip evens) #13110maths/softmax.py: refactor: add type hints to maths/softmax.py #14153maths/sum_of_digits.py: fix(maths): correct recursive call in sum_of_digits_recursion #14768maths/trailing_zeroes.py: fix: preserve integer precision in trailing zeroes #15313maths/triplet_sum.py: Added doctests for random dataset function #13360maths/two_pointer.py: Improve two_pointer documentation and readability #14539maths/volume.py: docs: improve vol_cuboid docstring with Wikipedia reference and math formula. #14409matrix/count_islands_in_matrix.py: Added doctests for matrix/count_islands_in_matrix.py #12555 Contributes to #9943: Add docstrings and doctests, fixis_safelogic, and improve code formatting #12691 Added the doctests - Contributes to #9943 #13716matrix/matrix_class.py: Contributes to #9943: Add docstrings and doctests, fixis_safelogic, and improve code formatting #12691 Added the doctests - Contributes to #9943 #13716matrix/matrix_operation.py: Added matrix permanent operation #13987networking_flow/ford_fulkerson.py: Optimize Ford-Fulkerson algorithm with type annotations and performance improvements #13128physics/hamiltonian.py: Add classical and quantum Hamiltonian functions (#13235) #13312physics/photoelectric_effect.py: Improve documentation and clarity of photoelectric effect explanation #14030physics/potential_energy.py: Add collisions #14787project_euler/problem_030/sol1.py: Update sol1.py #13639project_euler/problem_034/sol1.py: feat(euler): Optimize problem 034 with a lower upper bound #13531project_euler/problem_135/sol1.py: perf: keep Euler 135 arithmetic integral #14990project_euler/problem_145/sol1.py: Optimize prob 145 #14694scripts/pr_file_map.py: Improvescripts/pr_file_map.pyobservability and output metadata #15317searches/binary_search.py: Remove inefficient validation checks in binary search functions #13836 Fixes #13840 - handle duplicate items correctly in binary search #13841 Fix binary search to return leftmost occurrence for duplicates #13891 fixed logical error in parameter "hi" the bisect functions of the bin… #13900 Fix: return the correct index when duplicates in binary_search #13901 Fix: Return first index for binary search with duplicate elements (#1… #13955 Clarify doctest usage in binary search docstring #14051 Improve binary search doc #14456 Fix binary search final #14523 Improve error message clarity in binary search functions #14622 added time complexity to binary_search.py docstring #14708searches/binary_tree_traversal.py: feat: add test case of binary_tree_travarsal #11825searches/exponential_search.py: Add exponential_search doctest for empty array edge case #13954 fix: handle not-found edges in exponential_search #14806searches/interpolation_search.py: Test cases for interpolation_search #10690searches/jump_search.py: Fix binary search final #14523searches/linear_search.py: Fix: Improve docstrings and use ValueError in rec_linear_search #14626 Improve: Handle empty sequence case in linear_search #14627 Replace generic exception with ValueError in linear search #14641searches/sentinel_linear_search.py: feat: Add sentinel linear search algorithm #14581searches/ternary_search.py: fix(searches): correct ternary search pivots and exclusive bounds #15005sorts/binary_insertion_sort.py: Don't implement binary search again #12593sorts/gnome_sort.py: Add module docstring gnome sort #14398sorts/heap_sort.py: sorts: make quick sort support comparable items #15290sorts/insertion_sort.py: improve docstrings in insertion_sort.py to include complexity analysis #14868 Add time and space complexity analysis to insertion_sort docstring #15054sorts/pancake_sort.py: docs: Add type hints and improve documentation for pancake_sort #13960 Improve: add type hints to pancake_sort #14738 chore: add type hints to pancake_sort #14841 sorts: make pancake_sort generic over Comparable items #15311sorts/quick_sort.py: Added complexities #11725 sorts: make quick sort support comparable items #15290sorts/quick_sort_3_partition.py: Add Hoare partition algorithm #12601sorts/radix_sort.py: fix(sorts): raise ValueError on negative inputs in radix_sort (#14950) #15011sorts/selection_sort.py: Enhance docstring for selection_sort function #13963 docs: add time and space complexity to selection_sort docstring #13972sorts/shell_sort.py: Add Shell Sort Algorithm #13911sorts/stooge_sort.py: Add Stooge Sort implementation #14746sorts/topological_sort.py: Updated topological_sort.py #11290 Fix topological sort order #14609strings/anagrams.py: Improve docstrings and readability in anagrams module #14188 Improve docstring clarity and typing in anagrams #14219strings/boyer_moore_search.py: Improve Boyer-Moore String Search (Bad Character Rule) Implementation #13039 fix: Boyer-Moore bad character shift was dead code in for-loop #14770strings/camel_case_to_snake_case.py: corrected the typos in camel_case_to_snake_case.py #14832 Add docstring frequency finder #14833 Correct typos and add secret_language file #14843strings/capitalize.py: Simplify capitalize implementation #14654strings/check_anagrams.py: Improve docstring clarity for anagram check function #14058strings/frequency_finder.py: Add docstring frequency finder #14833strings/is_isogram.py: Improve is_isogram performance by removing unnecessary sorting #15318strings/knuth_morris_pratt.py: refactor(strings): Improve and correct KMP implementation #13694strings/min_cost_string_conversion.py: ✅ Add doctests to string conversion functions #12839 docs: add doctests for min_cost_string_conversion #13601strings/palindrome.py: Add is_palindrome_ignore_case_and_spaces to strings/palindrome.py #14907strings/rabin_karp.py: Add Rabin-Karp String Matching Algorithm (#13918) #13947strings/split.py: Fixes #14649 #14673strings/suffix_automaton.py: add suffix automaton algo #11217 feat(strings): add suffix automaton implementation #13606strings/word_occurrence.py: Fix word occurrence doctest variable typo #14909tests/test_sorts.py: sorts: make pancake_sort generic over Comparable items #15311web_programming/covid_stats_via_xpath.py: Refactor error handling and improve logging #13000web_programming/crawl_google_scholar_citation.py: Update crawl_google_scholar_citation.py #11655web_programming/instagram_crawler.py: Instagram Crawler Overhaul using web_profile_info API Fixes#10634 #11193294files not present in the working directorybacktracking/m_coloring_problem.py: fix(backtracking): Correct doctest in m_coloring_problem #13288bit_manipulation/binary_addition.py: Binary Addition of two binary strings input to produce binary string output of any length #10370bit_manipulation/count_bits.py: feat: add count_bits algorithm with doctests #13938bit_manipulation/divide_two_integers.py: Add divide two integers algorithm #13737bit_manipulation/fin_two_unique_numbers.py: Add algorithm to find Two unique numbers using bit manipulation with docsets #13216bit_manipulation/find_upper_lower_nibble.py: Add function to find upper and lower nibbles with doctests and type hints #13121bit_manipulation/hamming_code_generator.py: feat: Introduce hamming code generator #11827bit_manipulation/max_xor_bit_trie.py: Added Implementation of Bit_Trie for finding max xor between two numbers in an array #13132bit_manipulation/multibit_manipulation.py: Adding multibit-manipulation algorithm implemented with bitwise operations #11418bit_manipulation/single_number.py: Single Number Algo Added #12042bit_manipulation/sliding_window_xor.py: Add Sliding_Window_XOR working solution #13129bit_manipulation/update_bit.py: added program to update bit at given position. #9902bit_manipulation/xor_swap_two_integers.py: Add XOR-based swap algorithm for two numbers #13018blockchain/merkle_tree.py: Add Merkle Tree construction and verification algorithm #13753blockchain/pow_algorithm.py: Proof of Work Algorithm for Blockchain #11699blockchain/proof_of_stake.py: Added Proof of Stake(PoS) #11945 New: Added proof of work(PoW) #11946blockchain/proof_of_work.py: New: Added proof of work(PoW) #11946blockchain/simple_blockchain.py: Add simple blockchain mining algorithm with PoW #13114blockchain/simple_proof_of_work.py: Add: blockchain/simple_proof_of_work.py #14237ciphers/base58.py: Added Base58 encoding/decoding in ciphers #12123ciphers/columnar_transposition.py: Feat/ciphers columnar #13102ciphers/des_ecb.py: [Feature] Implemented DES Algorithm in ECB mode #11785ciphers/printable_ascii_vigenere_cipher.py: Implement modified vigenere cipher for all printable ASCII #13452ciphers/rc4.py: feat: Add RC4 stream cipher implementation #14753ciphers/skytale_cipher.py: (ciphers): add scytale (skytale) transposition cipher with doctests #13100 Feat/ciphers columnar #13102ciphers/spiral_transposition.py: Create spiral_transposition.py #13421ciphers/xtea.py: Add XTEA block cipher implementation #14414conversions/base64_to_binary.py: Added base64 to binary conversion. #12209conversions/bianry_to_excessthree.py: Created bianry_to_excessthree.py #13831conversions/binary_to_base64.py: Added binary to base64 conversion #12210conversions/binary_to_gray.py: Add binary to gray code conversion algorithm under Hacktoberfest 2025 #13826conversions/binary_to_gray_code.py: feat(conversions): Add Binary and Gray Code conversion algorithms #13634conversions/convert_base.py: Create convert_base.py #11115conversions/endianness.py: Add endianness conversion algorithm #14041conversions/hex_to_rgb.py: feat: implements a hex to rgb conversion function #11113conversions/int_to_negative_binary_base.py: adding negative binary base conversion algorithms #11213conversions/negative_binary_base_to_int.py: adding negative binary base conversion algorithms #11213conversions/ounces_to_grams.py: Add ounces to grams conversion. #14079data_structures/arrays/Deque.py: Create Deque.py #13419data_structures/arrays/dynamic_array.py: Implementing Dynamic array #12271data_structures/arrays/first_missing_positive.py: first missing positive algorithm #11199data_structures/arrays/gas_station.py: Added gas_station.py #11822data_structures/arrays/list_maximum_depth_sum.py: Feat: Implement recursive Max Depth Sum calculation for nested arrays #13502data_structures/arrays/longest_consecutive_sequence.py: Longest Consecutive Sequence LeetCode problem #9686data_structures/arrays/max_and_min.py: added max and min algo #13345data_structures/arrays/merge_intervals.py: added merge interval problem on the array data structure #14009data_structures/arrays/merge_sorted.py: Add Merge Sorted Arrays Algorithm with Type Hints and Doctests #13589data_structures/arrays/new_combination.py: Add combinations function for array inputs #12326data_structures/arrays/pairwise_iteration.py: Added pairwise iteration algorithms #9645data_structures/arrays/pascals_triangle.py: add pascals_triangle in data structure #14026data_structures/arrays/remove_duplicates_fromarray.py: Create remove_duplicates_fromarray.py #13192data_structures/arrays/reverse_array.py: feat(arrays): Add in-place array reversal algorithm #13370data_structures/arrays/set_matrix_zeroes.py: Created set_matrix_zeroes.py #13369data_structures/arrays/sliding_window_maximum.py: Implement sliding window maximum algorithm using deque #13661data_structures/arrays/two_sum.py: Add docstring and type hints to two_sum #14008data_structures/binary_tree/binary-tree-deletion.py: Add files via upload #11924data_structures/disjoint_set/progressive_set_intersection.py: feat: add progressive_set_intersection to disjoint_set #14492data_structures/hashing/coalesced_hashing.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048data_structures/hashing/fnv_hashtable.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048data_structures/hashing/hopscotch.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048data_structures/hashing/linear_probing.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048data_structures/hashing/power_of_two.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048data_structures/hashing/robin_hood.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048data_structures/hashing/tests/test_advanced_hashing.py: feat(hashing): add 6 advanced open addressing algorithms #14048data_structures/linked_list/remove_nth_node_from_end_of_list.py: Remove nth node from end of list #9880data_structures/persistent_segment_tree.py: Persistent Segment Tree #12186data_structures/queue/monotonic_queue.py: add monotonic queue algorithm #10531data_structures/stacks/celebrity_problem.py: Added new algorithm to solve the famous celebrity problem using stack #13112data_structures/stacks/postfix_to_infix_conversion.py: Added postfix_to_infix_conversion.py #10607data_structures/stacks/postfix_to_prefix_conversion.py: Added postfix-prefix conversion #10474data_structures/stacks/stack_tracking_min_max.py: Stack implementation that tracks Min/Max element #9946data_structures/trie/binary_trie.py: Create binary_trie.py #11918data_structures/trie/segment_tree.py: Add Segment Tree implementation in Python #13327data_structures/two_pointer/__init__.py: added two pointer directory and added solution to is_palindrome.py #11566data_structures/two_pointer/is_palindrome.py: added two pointer directory and added solution to is_palindrome.py #11566data_structures/z_score_normalization.py: Add Z-score normalization algorithm for data standardization #14527digital_image_processing/image_data/skeleton_lena.png: Added Skeletonizing and Pruning Operations - DIP #13141digital_image_processing/morphological_operations/pruning_operation.py: Added Skeletonizing and Pruning Operations - DIP #13141digital_image_processing/morphological_operations/skeletonization_operation.py: Added Skeletonizing and Pruning Operations - DIP #13141divide_and_conquer/README.md: Added a readme file for the divide and conquer directory #13519divide_and_conquer/fast_fourier_transform.py: Adding fast_fourier_transform.py #13738divide_and_conquer/karatsuba_multiplication.py: feat: add Karatsuba multiplication algorithm in divide_and_conquer folder modified #13300divide_and_conquer/minimum_element_of_array.py: Add the algorithm to search the minimum element of an array using the… #9688divide_and_conquer/tests/__init__.py: optimize split_matrix function #12552divide_and_conquer/tests/test_strassen_matrix_multiplication.py: optimize split_matrix function #12552dynamic_programming/coin_change.py: Fix: Update Coin Change Dynamic Programming Algorithm Type Hints and Return Type #13395dynamic_programming/egg_drop.py: Add Egg Drop algorithm #11697dynamic_programming/egg_dropping.py: Add Egg Dropping Problem (Dynamic Programming) #13824dynamic_programming/house_robber.py: New Algorithm added in dynamic_programming #13471dynamic_programming/job_scheduling.py: My first contrib #13361dynamic_programming/kadanes_algorithm.py: Add Kadane's algorithm for maximum subarray sum #14525dynamic_programming/longest_arithmetic_subsequence.py: Adds Longest Arithmetic Subsequence (Review Reqd) #11712dynamic_programming/longest_repeating_subsequence.py: feat: add longest repeating subsequence algorithm #14856dynamic_programming/moving_average.py: Add moving average algorithm for sliding window data analysis #14526dynamic_programming/partition_equal_subset_sum.py: Add partition equal subset sum to dynamic_programming #14702dynamic_programming/weighted_job_scheduling.py: feat: Add Weighted Job Scheduling algorithm to dynamic programming #13378electronics/power_factor.py: power factor calculator #11727electronics/power_factor_correction.py: Added shunt capacitor power factor correction #9535electronics/star_delta_conversions.py: added star delta converter module #9649electronics/star_delta_transform.py: Adding algorithm delta-star transformation #12356financial/amortization_table.py: Added Amortization Table #11368financial/expected_shortfall.py: Add Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall to financial #15051financial/fractional_differentiation.py: fractional differentiation for engineering stationary features from financial time series #11851financial/get_annuity_due_future_value.py: feat: create (financial) get_annuity_due_future_value function #12357financial/get_ordinary_annuity_future_value.py: feat: create get_ordinary_annuity_future_value function in financial #12358financial/macaulay_duration.py: Feat macaulay duration #14506financial/relative_strength_index.py: Calculate Relative Strength Index (RSI) algorithm #13888financial/streaming_moving_average.py: Streaming moving average #11826financial/value_at_risk.py: Add Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall to financial #15051fractals/hilbert_curve.py: Create hilbert_curve.py #12091genetic_algorithm/adjacency_representation.py: Add adjacency representation generator for closed Hamiltonian tours #13645genetic_algorithm/basic_number.py: Added an algorithm in how to use genetic algorithm for numbers #9577genetic_algorithm/knapsack.py: New Genetic Algorithm solution for Knapsack problem #13234genetic_algorithm/ordinal_representation.py: Add ordinal representation generator for closed Hamiltonian tours #13647genetic_algorithm/travelling_salesman_problem.py: add genetic_algorithm/travelling_salesman_problem.py #11228geodesy/radar_target_calculation.py: Add ENU ECEF target coordinate calculation (geodesy) #15056geometry/braik_mac_construction.py: Braikenridge-Maclaurin Construction of a Conic #11205geometry/collision_detection.py: Add collision detection algorithm (#12569) #13969geometry/point_in_polygon.py: Add Point in Polygon algorithm using ray casting #15309geometry/point_to_plane_distance.py: Add point to plane distance using Hesse normal form #14360geometry/shoelace.py: Geometry - shoelace formula #12118graphics/bresenham_line_basic.py: Added Bresenham Line Algorithm basic version for first quadrant #13750 Bresenham line advanced algorithm which handles all octants ( for hacktoberfest ) #13751graphics/bresenham_line_generalized.py: Bresenham line advanced algorithm which handles all octants ( for hacktoberfest ) #13751graphics/interactive_3d_renderer.py: Tk render 3D #13113graphs/array_to_graph.py: Adjust array splitting to handle non-divisible arrays #12526graphs/blossom_algorithm.py: Add Blossom algorithm (Edmonds' algorithm) for maximum matching in general graphs #13023graphs/edmonds_blossom_algorithm.py: Added edmonds_blossom_algorithm.py. For maximum matching in the graph. #12043 #12056graphs/graph_centrality.py: Graph Centrality #11897graphs/graph_peripherality.py: Graph Peripherality #11898graphs/johnson_graph.py: First Implementation of Johnson Graph Algorithm #12281graphs/swim_in_rising_water.py: Add swim_in_rising_water algorithm to graphs directory #13249graphs/tests/test_edmonds_blossom_algorithm.py: Added edmonds_blossom_algorithm.py. For maximum matching in the graph. #12043 #12056graphs/tests/test_graphs_floyd_warshall.py: Unit tests #12125graphs/travelling_salesman_problem.py: Added graphs/travelling_salesman_problem.py #12559greedy_methods/activity_selection.py: Add activity selection new algorithm #11667greedy_methods/gale_shapley_stable_matching.py: Gale shapley stable matching #14264greedy_methods/merge_intervals.py: feat: add merge intervals algorithm #14436greedy_methods/minimize_deviation_in_array.py: add: Minimum Deviation in Array to greedy_methods #10860greedy_methods/sliding_window.py: Create sliding_window.py #11581hashes/array_pairs_divisibility.py: Feature/hashes #11652hashes/crc32.py: feat: add CRC32 hash algorithm implementation #14035 Add CRC-32 checksum implementation #14415hashes/fnv.py: Add FNV-1a hash algorithm implementation #14036hashes/fnv1a.py: Add FNV-1a hash algorithm implementation with 32-bit and 64-bit variants #13814hashes/joaat.py: feat(hashes): add Jenkins-One-At-A-Time function #14560hashes/sha3.py: added: sha-3(Keccak) implementation #14023hashes/xxhash.py: Add xxHash32 algorithm implementation #14037knapsack/knapsack_graph_generation.py: Add graph generation algorithm for Knapsack problems #12896knapsack/knapsack_memoization.py: Knapsack_with_memoization #10180linear_algebra/determinant.py: New script demonstrates the implementation of the Sigmoid, tanh function, Matrix determinant and Matrix trace calculation. #13364linear_algebra/matrix_trace.py: New script demonstrates the implementation of the Sigmoid, tanh function, Matrix determinant and Matrix trace calculation. #13364linear_algebra/qr_decomposition.py: Qr Decomposition #14647machine_learning/Multi-Armed Bandits .py: Added kernel svm algorithm code file #12784machine_learning/adaboost.py: Add ml algorithms #13270machine_learning/arima.py: Add ARIMA model #13271machine_learning/cnn.py: Add cnn model #13273machine_learning/cosine_similarity.py: Add Cosine Similarity algorithm to machine_learning #14740machine_learning/dbscan.py: Implementation of Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) ML Algorithm #11671 Add DBSCAN clustering algorithm in machine_learning/ #14851machine_learning/gaussian_mixture_model.py: Add Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) Algorithm for Clustering #13637machine_learning/k_means_plus_plus.py: Add K-means++ #12976machine_learning/k_nearest_neighbors.py: I corrected "neighbours" to "neighbors". (Hacktoberfest) #13085machine_learning/kernel_svm.ipynb: Added kernel svm algorithm code file #12784machine_learning/mab.py: added multi armed bandit problem with three strategies to solve it #12668machine_learning/mean_shift.py: Add Mean Shift clustering algorithm in machine_learning/ #14858machine_learning/mini_batch_gradient_descent.py: added mini batch gradient descent algo in ml dir #13026machine_learning/multinomial_naive_bayes.py: Add naive bayes classifier #14065machine_learning/multinomial_naive_bayes_classifier.py: Multinomial naive bayes text classifier #9619machine_learning/naive_bayes.py: Add naive bayes classifier #14065machine_learning/naive_bayes_text_classification.py: Add multinomial Naive Bayes text classification example #14665machine_learning/ordinary_least_squares_regression.py: Add: Ordinary Least Squares Regression Algorithm #10800machine_learning/principal_component_analysis.py: Added Principal Component Analysis #9610machine_learning/q_learning.py: Add Q-Learning algorithm implementation with epsilon-greedy policy an… #13402machine_learning/ridge_regression.py: Add Ridge Regression to Machine Learning #12111 Fixes issue #12108: Added Ridge Regression to Machine Learning #12246 machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016machine_learning/rmsprop.py: Add RMSprop optimizer to machine_learning #14733machine_learning/tests/__init__.py: machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016machine_learning/tests/conftest.py: machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016machine_learning/tests/test_ridge_regression.py: machine_learning: add RidgeRegression with tests and demo #14016maths/armstrong_number.py: Add Armstrong number algorithm in maths module #14099maths/autocorrelation.py: maths: add autocorrelation function #14895maths/automorphic_number.py: Add Automorphic Number Check Algorithm #13993maths/baby_step_giant_step.py: Add baby-step giant-step discrete logarithm algorithm #14997maths/bearing.py: feat: implement shoelace formula for polygon area calculation #13815maths/binomial_expansion.py: Binomial Expansion #12875maths/disarium.py: Add Python function to check Disarium numbers #13603maths/ear_clipping_polygon_triangulation.py: Added a polygon triangulation algorithm with the ear clipping method. #10466maths/first_fundamental_form.py: Add first fundamental form calculator to maths #14554maths/is_armstrong.py: Add Armstrong number check algorithmCreate is_armstrong.py #13990maths/is_ipv6_address_valid.py: Implement IPv6 address validation algorithm #13055maths/is_perfect_number.py: a_perfect_number #13991maths/lucas_numbers.py: feat: add Lucas numbers algorithm with doctests #14724maths/ncr_combinations.py: Add generalized nCr (combinations) calculator for real n and integer r #13623maths/next_prime_number.py: Next Prime Number #13631maths/numerical_analysis/gauss_seidel_method.py: Implement Gauss-Seidel method for solving linear systems. #13535maths/numerical_analysis/nth_root.py: Add algorithm for approximating the nth root with Newton's Method #11509maths/padovan_sequence.py: Add Padovan Sequence Algorith #14001maths/power_of_two.py: add is_power_of_two with doctests #13648maths/reverse_factorial_recursive.py: Create reverse_factorial_recursive.py #13426maths/series/alternate_harmonic_series.py: Alternate harmonic series #14633maths/series/alternating_harmonic_series.py: Add alternating harmonic series checker #14634maths/shoelace_area.py: feat: implement shoelace formula for polygon area calculation #13815maths/special_numbers/abundant_numbers.py: Add function to check abundant numbers #13527maths/special_numbers/deficient_numbers.py: Add function to check deficient numbers #13528maths/special_numbers/disarum_number.py: Add Disarium number checker implementation #13529maths/special_numbers/pentagonal_number.py: Add pentagonal number algorithm #14812maths/special_numbers/spy_number.py: (Feature)Add a Spy number in Maths->Special Number #14652maths/special_numbers/trimorphic_number.py: Implementation for Trimorphic Number #14229maths/sum_of_outcomes_for_rolling_n_sided_dice_k_time.py: The sum of outcomes for rolling an N-sided dice K times. #11463maths/test_abs.py: Add comprehensive test coverage for maths.abs module #13588matrix/Flood Fill: Create Flood Fill #13187matrix/kronecker_product.py: [Add] Kronecker Product #12023matrix/matrix_diagonal_sum.py: Add matrix multiplication function with validation #13934matrix/similar_matrices.py: Add similarity test for square matrices #13022matrix/strassen_matrix_multiply.py: Added the Strassen's Matrix Multiplication Algorithm #13482matrix/transitive_closure.py: Transitive Closure Algorithm #12940neural_network/activation_functions/sigmoid.py: New script demonstrates the implementation of the Sigmoid, tanh function, Matrix determinant and Matrix trace calculation. #13364neural_network/activation_functions/softsign.py: feat: Add Softsign activation function #13133neural_network/activation_functions/tanh.py: New script demonstrates the implementation of the Sigmoid, tanh function, Matrix determinant and Matrix trace calculation. #13364neural_network/backpropagation_weight_decay.py: Backpropagation weight decay #12421neural_network/lstm.py: Adding LSTM algorithm from scratch in neural network algorithm sections #12082neural_network/recurrent_neural_network.py: Added the algorithm for RNN #13514neural_network/sliding_window_attention.py: shortened the lines #12214other/dancing_links.py: Add Dancing Links (DLX) algorithm for Exact Cover problem #13183other/pipeline.py: Add Functional Programming Pipeline with Unix Pipeline Syntax #12413other/pyramid_patterns.py: Add pattern printing (pyramid, inverted pyramid, diamond) [#13460] #13462other/shuffled_array.py: algorithm for shuffling elements of an array. #12540other/simple_recursion.py: Add simple recursion examples: factorial, fibonacci, sum_of_digits #12834other/token_bucket.py: added Token Bucket rate limiter algorithm #11882physics/boyles_law.py: feat: ✨ Implementation of Boyle's law #9914physics/bragg_angle.py: Create bragg_angle.py #11744physics/collision_detection.py: added collision detection between primitives like circle, rectangle e… #13002physics/collisions.py: Add collisions #14787physics/de_broglie: Create de_broglie #12129physics/diffraction.py: finding different diffraction parameters #11608physics/fresnel_diffract.py: Add Algorithm for Fresnel Diffraction #11580physics/light_aberration.py: Add physics script for the light aberration calculation. #12686physics/rotational_partition: Create rotational_partition #12335physics/translation_partition: Create translation_partition #12333project_euler/problem_002/sol6.py: Create sol6.py for project_eular/problem_002 #11164project_euler/problem_005/sol3.py: Add solution 3 for project euler problem 5. #12763project_euler/problem_013/sol2.py: Add second solution for the Euler project problem 13. #12764project_euler/problem_016/sol3.py: Add third solution for the Euler project problem 16. #12777project_euler/problem_025/sol4.py: Create sol4.py for project_euler-problem_025 #11167project_euler/problem_025/sol5.py: Create sol5.py for project_eular/problem_025 #11174project_euler/problem_060/__init__.py: added project euler problem 60 #10082 Euler project solution 60 #13475project_euler/problem_060/sol1.py: added project euler problem 60 #10082 Euler project solution 60 #13475project_euler/problem_061/__init__.py: Solve Project Euler 61 #11433 Problem 061 Project Euler #14798project_euler/problem_061/sol1.py: Solve Project Euler 61 #11433 Problem 061 Project Euler #14798project_euler/problem_066/__init__.py: Project euler problem 66 added #14801project_euler/problem_066/sol1.py: #14801project_euler/problem_096/__init__.py: #13013project_euler/problem_096/sol1.py: #13013project_euler/problem_096/sudoku.txt: #13013project_euler/problem_111/__init__.py: #12684project_euler/problem_111/sol1.py: #12684project_euler/problem_124/__init__.py: #12690project_euler/problem_124/sol1.py: #12690project_euler/problem_137/__init__.py: #12694project_euler/problem_137/sol1.py: #12694project_euler/problem_138/__init__.py: #12701project_euler/problem_138/sol1.py: #12701project_euler/problem_142/__init__.py: #12706project_euler/problem_142/sol1.py: #12706quantum/e91_qkd.py.DISABLED.txt: #13033quantum/shor_algorithm.py: #12317searches/binary_search_recursion.py: #14056searches/binarysearch_on_sorted_2d_array.py: #12100searches/floyds_cycle_finding.py: #13609searches/segment_tree.py: #12594sorts/bubble_sort_optimized.py: #13977sorts/count_inversion.py: #12696sorts/reverse_selection_sort.py: #11910sorts/smooth Sort: #13551sorts/split_workload.py: #10271sorts/stopwatch_sort.py: #12355strings/booths_algorithm.py: #12311strings/bpe_tokenizer.py: #11782strings/check_anagram.py: #12188strings/decode_string.py: #11092strings/integer_to_roman.py: #13941strings/is_isomorphic.py: #13014strings/is_kebab_case.py: #12206strings/largest_smallest_words.py: #10234strings/longest_common_prefix.py: #13371strings/longest_common_subsequence.py: #12895strings/longest_palindrome: #11556strings/longest_substring_without_repeating_characters.py: #10460strings/longest_word_in_sentence.py: #11475strings/min_window_substring.py: #12133strings/reverse_string.py: #13707strings/secret_language.py: #14843strings/string_is_valid_number.py: #11479strings/suffix_array.py: #15319strings/valid_anagram.py: #13297web_programming/crypto_price.py: #13016web_programming/crypto_price_tracker.py: #13797