DevKor-github · jjoonleo · Jun 30, 2026 · Jun 28, 2026 · Jun 28, 2026
diff --git a/docs/performance/apple-login-323.md b/docs/performance/apple-login-323.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Apple Login Performance Evidence for Issue #323
+
+## Measurement Contract
+
+This document records before/after evidence for reducing Apple login latency by removing repeated Apple provider round trips from the returning Apple User login path.
+
+Primary benchmark environment:
+
+- Backend: local Spring Boot process with `bench` profile
+- Database: isolated Docker MySQL database `ontime_bench`
+- Apple provider: local stub
+- Returning Apple Users: `social_type=APPLE`, `social_id=bench-apple-user-<vu>`
+- Stub delay:
+  - `GET /auth/keys`: 80 ms
+  - `POST /auth/token`: 300 ms
+- Quick run: default harness settings, 2 minutes warmup and 5 minutes measurement, 1 run per scenario
+- Full evidence run: bounded local run, 30 seconds warmup and 60 seconds measurement, 3 runs per scenario
+- Before checkout: `origin/main` (`ab5fc7f`) plus benchmark harness only (`85b2b18`)
+- After checkout: same benchmark harness plus the #323 fix under test
+
+The benchmark harness lives in `scripts/benchmarks/apple-login/`.
+
+## Acceptance Gate
+
+Primary scenario: returning Apple User, warm cache, concurrency 1.
+
+- JWKS network calls/request: `before 1.0 -> after 0.0`
+- Apple token exchange calls/request: `before 1.0 -> after 0.0`
+- Error rate: `0%`
+- p95 latency: `after <= before * 0.70`
+
+Secondary scenarios: returning Apple User, concurrency 10 and 20.
+
+- Error rate: `0%`
+- Apple token exchange calls/request: `after 0.0`
+- p95 latency: `after <= before`
+
+## Results
+
+The full rows aggregate 3 runs per scenario by summing requests/provider calls and averaging per-run p50/p95 latency.
+
+| mode | scenario | version | runs | requests | error_rate | p50_ms | p95_ms | jwks_calls/request | token_exchange_calls/request |
+| --- | --- | --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
+| quick | c1 returning warm-cache | before | 1 | 590 | 0.000 | 405.6 | 425.5 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
+| quick | c1 returning warm-cache | after | 1 | 2,327 | 0.000 | 26.0 | 40.1 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
+| quick | c10 returning warm-cache | before | 1 | 5,773 | 0.000 | 417.9 | 435.1 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
+| quick | c10 returning warm-cache | after | 1 | 22,366 | 0.000 | 33.7 | 46.5 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
+| quick | c20 returning warm-cache | before | 1 | 11,745 | 0.000 | 408.0 | 431.2 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
+| quick | c20 returning warm-cache | after | 1 | 47,844 | 0.000 | 20.7 | 46.8 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
+| full | c1 returning warm-cache | before | 3 | 346 | 0.000 | 413.6 | 435.8 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
+| full | c1 returning warm-cache | after | 3 | 1,407 | 0.000 | 23.1 | 46.5 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
+| full | c10 returning warm-cache | before | 3 | 3,492 | 0.000 | 415.1 | 429.1 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
+| full | c10 returning warm-cache | after | 3 | 13,425 | 0.000 | 29.3 | 58.5 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
+| full | c20 returning warm-cache | before | 3 | 6,829 | 0.000 | 420.4 | 506.9 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
+| full | c20 returning warm-cache | after | 3 | 27,824 | 0.000 | 19.9 | 60.4 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
+
+## Result Files
+
+- Quick before: `scripts/benchmarks/apple-login/results/20260628T043649Z-before-quick/summary.csv`
+- Quick after: `scripts/benchmarks/apple-login/results/20260628T045808Z-after-quick/summary.csv`
+- Full before: `scripts/benchmarks/apple-login/results/20260628T051949Z-before-full/summary.csv`
+- Full after: `scripts/benchmarks/apple-login/results/20260628T053451Z-after-full/summary.csv`
+
+## Decision
+
+The #323 fix passes the acceptance gate in both quick and bounded full runs:
+
+- c1 p95 improved from 435.8 ms to 46.5 ms in the full run, an 89.3% reduction.
+- Returning Apple User login used 0.0 JWKS network calls/request after warmup.
+- Returning Apple User login used 0.0 Apple token exchange calls/request after the fix.
+- Error rate stayed at 0% across c1, c10, and c20.
+
+## Notes
+
+- Real Apple network calls are intentionally excluded from the primary benchmark because provider and network variability would obscure backend request-path changes.
+- The script labels results as `before` or `after` but does not change git refs. Select the checkout explicitly before running.
+- The original single-user concurrency harness caused c10 failures unrelated to #323 because concurrent logins for one **User** raced on single-active-session token rotation. The harness now seeds one returning Apple User per VU so c10/c20 measure Apple provider round trips rather than same-user session contention.
diff --git a/ontime-back/src/main/java/devkor/ontime_back/global/oauth/apple/AppleLoginFilter.java b/ontime-back/src/main/java/devkor/ontime_back/global/oauth/apple/AppleLoginFilter.java
@@ -74,8 +74,9 @@ public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServ
         }
 
         try {
-            // Apple Identity Token 검증
+            long startedAt = System.nanoTime();
             Claims tokenClaims = appleLoginService.verifyIdentityToken(oAuthAppleRequestDto.getIdToken());
+            long verifiedAt = System.nanoTime();
             if (tokenClaims.getSubject() == null) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException("Apple 로그인 검증 실패");
             }
@@ -85,18 +86,21 @@ public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServ
                     oAuthAppleRequestDto.getEmail(),
                     tokenClaims.get("email", String.class)
             );
-            String appleRefreshToken = exchangeAppleRefreshToken(oAuthAppleRequestDto);
-
             OAuthAppleUserDto oAuthAppleUserDto = new OAuthAppleUserDto(appleUserId, email, oAuthAppleRequestDto.getFullName());
 
             Optional<User> existingUser = userRepository.findBySocialTypeAndSocialId(SocialType.APPLE, appleUserId);
+            long userLookupAt = System.nanoTime();
 
             if (existingUser.isPresent()) {
-                return appleLoginService.handleLogin(appleRefreshToken, existingUser.get(), response);
-            } else {
-                return appleLoginService.handleRegister(appleRefreshToken, oAuthAppleUserDto, response);
+                logAppleLoginTiming("existing_user", startedAt, verifiedAt, userLookupAt, userLookupAt);
+                return appleLoginService.handleLogin(null, existingUser.get(), response);
             }
 
+            String appleRefreshToken = exchangeAppleRefreshToken(oAuthAppleRequestDto);
+            long credentialExchangeAt = System.nanoTime();
+            logAppleLoginTiming("new_user", startedAt, verifiedAt, userLookupAt, credentialExchangeAt);
+            return appleLoginService.handleRegister(appleRefreshToken, oAuthAppleUserDto, response);
+
         } catch (Exception e) {
             log.error("Apple login failed", e);
             throw new AppleLoginException();
@@ -115,6 +119,21 @@ private String exchangeAppleRefreshToken(OAuthAppleRequestDto oAuthAppleRequestD
         }
     }
 
+    private void logAppleLoginTiming(String result, long startedAt, long verifiedAt, long userLookupAt, long credentialExchangeAt) {
+        log.info(
+                "Apple login stage timing result={} verifyMs={} dbLookupMs={} credentialExchangeMs={} totalMs={}",
+                result,
+                elapsedMillis(startedAt, verifiedAt),
+                elapsedMillis(verifiedAt, userLookupAt),
+                elapsedMillis(userLookupAt, credentialExchangeAt),
+                elapsedMillis(startedAt, credentialExchangeAt)
+        );
+    }
+
+    private long elapsedMillis(long from, long to) {
+        return (to - from) / 1_000_000;
+    }
+
     private String firstNonBlank(String first, String second) {
         if (first != null && !first.isBlank()) {
             return first;

diff --git a/ontime-back/src/main/java/devkor/ontime_back/global/oauth/apple/AppleLoginService.java b/ontime-back/src/main/java/devkor/ontime_back/global/oauth/apple/AppleLoginService.java
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import java.security.PrivateKey;
 import java.security.PublicKey;
 import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
+import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.*;
 
@@ -53,7 +54,12 @@ public class AppleLoginService {
 
     private static final String APPLE_KEYS_URL = "https://appleid.apple.com/auth/keys";
     private static final String APPLE_TOKEN_URL = "https://appleid.apple.com/auth/token";
+    private static final Duration APPLE_PUBLIC_KEY_CACHE_TTL = Duration.ofHours(24);
     private String issuer = "https://appleid.apple.com";
+    @Value("${apple.keys-url:" + APPLE_KEYS_URL + "}")
+    private String appleKeysUrl = APPLE_KEYS_URL;
+    @Value("${apple.token-url:" + APPLE_TOKEN_URL + "}")
+    private String appleTokenUrl = APPLE_TOKEN_URL;
     @Value("${apple.client.id}")
     private String clientId;
     @Value("${apple.team.id}")
@@ -76,6 +82,9 @@ public class AppleLoginService {
     private final AuthTokenService authTokenService;
 
     private final RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
+    private ApplePublicKeyResponse cachedApplePublicKeys;
+    private Instant cachedApplePublicKeysAt;
+
     public Authentication handleLogin(String appleRefreshToken, User user, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
         log.info("handleLogin");
         if (appleRefreshToken != null && !appleRefreshToken.isBlank()) {
@@ -166,9 +175,7 @@ public Claims verifyIdentityToken(String identityToken) throws
             Exception {
         log.info("Verify Apple identity credential");
         Map<String, String> headers = jwtUtils.parseHeaders(identityToken);
-        // apple publickey
-        ApplePublicKeyResponse applePublicKeyResponse = restTemplate.getForObject(APPLE_KEYS_URL, ApplePublicKeyResponse.class);
-        PublicKey publicKey = applePublicKeyGenerator.generatePublicKey(headers, applePublicKeyResponse);
+        PublicKey publicKey = resolveApplePublicKey(headers);
         // claim
         Claims tokenClaims = jwtUtils.getTokenClaims(identityToken, publicKey);
         // iss 확인
@@ -188,6 +195,30 @@ public Claims verifyIdentityToken(String identityToken) throws
         return tokenClaims;
     }
 
+    private PublicKey resolveApplePublicKey(Map<String, String> headers) throws Exception {
+        ApplePublicKeyResponse applePublicKeys = getCachedApplePublicKeys();
+        try {
+            return applePublicKeyGenerator.generatePublicKey(headers, applePublicKeys);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            log.info("Apple public key cache miss for signed credential header; refreshing key set");
+            return applePublicKeyGenerator.generatePublicKey(headers, refreshApplePublicKeys());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized ApplePublicKeyResponse getCachedApplePublicKeys() {
+        if (cachedApplePublicKeys == null || cachedApplePublicKeysAt == null ||
+                cachedApplePublicKeysAt.plus(APPLE_PUBLIC_KEY_CACHE_TTL).isBefore(Instant.now())) {
+            return refreshApplePublicKeys();
+        }
+        return cachedApplePublicKeys;
+    }
+
+    private synchronized ApplePublicKeyResponse refreshApplePublicKeys() {
+        cachedApplePublicKeys = restTemplate.getForObject(appleKeysUrl, ApplePublicKeyResponse.class);
+        cachedApplePublicKeysAt = Instant.now();
+        return cachedApplePublicKeys;
+    }
+
     // apple 서버로부터 accesstoken, refreshtoken 발급
     public AppleTokenResponseDto getAppleAccessTokenAndRefreshToken(String authCode) throws Exception {
         // clientSecret
@@ -201,7 +232,7 @@ public AppleTokenResponseDto getAppleAccessTokenAndRefreshToken(String authCode)
         HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, String>> requestEntity = new HttpEntity<>(requestBody, headers);
 
         ResponseEntity<JsonNode> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(
-                APPLE_TOKEN_URL, HttpMethod.POST, requestEntity, JsonNode.class);
+                appleTokenUrl, HttpMethod.POST, requestEntity, JsonNode.class);
 
         JsonNode response = responseEntity.getBody();
 

diff --git a/ontime-back/src/main/resources/application-bench.properties b/ontime-back/src/main/resources/application-bench.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Database Configuration
+spring.datasource.url=${SPRING_DATASOURCE_URL}
+spring.datasource.username=${SPRING_DATASOURCE_USERNAME}
+spring.datasource.password=${SPRING_DATASOURCE_PASSWORD}
+spring.datasource.driver-class-name=${SPRING_DATASOURCE_DRIVER_CLASS_NAME:com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver}
+
+# JPA / Hibernate
+spring.jpa.database=mysql
+spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect
+spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=validate
+spring.jpa.show-sql=false
+spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=false
+
+# Flyway
+spring.flyway.enabled=true
+spring.flyway.baseline-on-migrate=false
+
+# JWT Configuration
+jwt.secret.key=${JWT_SECRET_KEY}
+jwt.access.expiration=${JWT_ACCESS_EXPIRATION:3600000}
+jwt.refresh.expiration=${JWT_REFRESH_EXPIRATION:1209600000}
+jwt.access.header=${JWT_ACCESS_HEADER:Authorization}
+jwt.refresh.header=${JWT_REFRESH_HEADER:Authorization-refresh}
+
+# OAuth
+google.web.client-id=${GOOGLE_WEB_CLIENT_ID:bench-google-web-client-id}
+google.app.client-id=${GOOGLE_APP_CLIENT_ID:bench-google-app-client-id}
+apple.client.id=${APPLE_CLIENT_ID}
+apple.team.id=${APPLE_TEAM_ID}
+apple.login.key=${APPLE_LOGIN_KEY}
+apple.client.secret=${APPLE_CLIENT_SECRET:}
+apple.private-key.base64=${APPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_BASE64}
+apple.keys-url=${APPLE_KEYS_URL:https://appleid.apple.com/auth/keys}
+apple.token-url=${APPLE_TOKEN_URL:https://appleid.apple.com/auth/token}
+
+# Firebase
+firebase.credentials.base64=${FIREBASE_CREDENTIALS_BASE64:}
+
+# Logging
+logging.level.root=WARN
+logging.level.devkor.ontime_back=INFO
+
+# Feature flags
+feature.apple-login.enabled=true
+analytics.preference.default-enabled=${ANALYTICS_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT_ENABLED:false}
+
+# Actuator
+management.endpoint.health.probes.enabled=true
+management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=health
+management.health.readinessstate.enabled=true
+management.health.livenessstate.enabled=true
+server.shutdown=graceful
+spring.lifecycle.timeout-per-shutdown-phase=30s
diff --git a/...me-back/src/test/java/devkor/ontime_back/global/oauth/OAuthLoginFilterValidationTest.java b/...me-back/src/test/java/devkor/ontime_back/global/oauth/OAuthLoginFilterValidationTest.java
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoInteractions;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
@@ -330,7 +331,7 @@ void appleLoginFilterRejectsInvalidRequest() throws Exception {
     }
 
     @Test
-    @DisplayName("애플 로그인 필터가 기존 유저를 Apple refresh token으로 로그인 처리한다")
+    @DisplayName("애플 로그인 필터가 기존 유저는 Apple token 교환 없이 로그인 처리한다")
     void appleLoginFilterLogsInExistingUser() throws Exception {
         AppleLoginFilter filter = new AppleLoginFilter(
                 "/oauth2/apple/login",
@@ -341,27 +342,26 @@ void appleLoginFilterLogsInExistingUser() throws Exception {
         MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
         Claims claims = Jwts.claims().setSubject("apple-id");
         claims.put("email", "user@example.com");
-        AppleTokenResponseDto tokenResponse = appleTokenResponse("apple-refresh-token");
         User existingUser = user(1L, "user@example.com", Role.USER);
 
         when(appleLoginService.verifyIdentityToken("apple-id-token")).thenReturn(claims);
-        when(appleLoginService.getAppleAccessTokenAndRefreshToken("auth-code")).thenReturn(tokenResponse);
         when(userRepository.findBySocialTypeAndSocialId(SocialType.APPLE, "apple-id"))
                 .thenReturn(Optional.of(existingUser));
-        when(appleLoginService.handleLogin("apple-refresh-token", existingUser, response)).thenReturn(
+        when(appleLoginService.handleLogin(null, existingUser, response)).thenReturn(
                 new org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(existingUser, null)
         );
 
         assertThat(filter.attemptAuthentication(
                 request("/oauth2/apple/login", validAppleBody()),
                 response).getPrincipal()).isSameAs(existingUser);
 
-        verify(appleLoginService).handleLogin("apple-refresh-token", existingUser, response);
+        verify(appleLoginService, never()).getAppleAccessTokenAndRefreshToken("auth-code");
+        verify(appleLoginService).handleLogin(null, existingUser, response);
     }
 
     @Test
-    @DisplayName("애플 로그인 필터가 Apple refresh token 교환 실패 시 identity token 검증만으로 기존 유저를 로그인 처리한다")
-    void appleLoginFilterLogsInExistingUserWhenTokenExchangeFails() throws Exception {
+    @DisplayName("애플 로그인 필터가 기존 유저 경로에서는 실패 가능한 Apple token 교환을 시도하지 않는다")
+    void appleLoginFilterSkipsTokenExchangeForExistingUser() throws Exception {
         AppleLoginFilter filter = new AppleLoginFilter(
                 "/oauth2/apple/login",
                 objectMapper,
@@ -373,8 +373,6 @@ void appleLoginFilterLogsInExistingUserWhenTokenExchangeFails() throws Exception
         User existingUser = user(1L, "user@example.com", Role.USER);
 
         when(appleLoginService.verifyIdentityToken("apple-id-token")).thenReturn(claims);
-        when(appleLoginService.getAppleAccessTokenAndRefreshToken("auth-code"))
-                .thenThrow(new RuntimeException("invalid_client"));
         when(userRepository.findBySocialTypeAndSocialId(SocialType.APPLE, "apple-id"))
                 .thenReturn(Optional.of(existingUser));
         when(appleLoginService.handleLogin(null, existingUser, response)).thenReturn(
@@ -385,6 +383,7 @@ void appleLoginFilterLogsInExistingUserWhenTokenExchangeFails() throws Exception
                 request("/oauth2/apple/login", validAppleBody()),
                 response).getPrincipal()).isSameAs(existingUser);
 
+        verify(appleLoginService, never()).getAppleAccessTokenAndRefreshToken("auth-code");
         verify(appleLoginService).handleLogin(null, existingUser, response);
     }